What Is Carbon Capture?

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) refers to a technology that collects carbon dioxide generated by emission sources such as large power plants, steel plants, chemical plants and other sources to store it in various ways to avoid its emission into the atmosphere. CCS technology includes three links: carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage. It can reduce the carbon emissions per unit of power generation by 85% -90%.

Carbon capture

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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) refers to a technology that collects carbon dioxide generated by emission sources such as large power plants, steel plants, chemical plants and other sources to store it in various ways to avoid its emission into the atmosphere. CCS technology includes three links: carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage. It can reduce the carbon emissions per unit of power generation by 85% -90%.

Chinese name

Carbon capture is a new environmental protection technology in developed countries in the world. It mainly refers to capturing carbon dioxide and storing it underground or in the ocean floor. For example, the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change proposed a new plan in 2009 to vigorously promote carbon capture technology worldwide. According to expert estimates, if fully applied, it can reduce human emission reduction costs by 30%. The UK is building four large-scale carbon capture and storage demonstration projects in the country, and stipulates that new coal power plants must have at least 25% of production capacity to install capture facilities. All coal power plants without carbon capture capabilities should be closed. The United States has also developed new technologies for storing carbon dioxide in cement. China is actively developing and promoting this technology.

On November 4, 2015, a study released by the European Union showed that a new mobile carbon capture technology can remove 1,000 kilograms of carbon dioxide per day from a Polish coal-fired power station. New mobile carbon capture technologies are currently most effective for coal-fired power plants and can be installed in existing power plants. ^[1]

On May 7, 2012,

According to Reuters, the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute warned in its report on global carbon capture and storage deployment this year that, based on current investment levels and regulatory uncertainty, a surge from 16 existing projects The goal of up to 130 projects is impossible to achieve. ^[3]

The institute predicts that of the 59 projects identified in its annual report, only 51 will likely be operational by then, while some are unlikely to be implemented. ^[3]

"Because carbon capture and storage is the only decarbonization technology available in industrial sectors such as iron, steel, and cement production, the risk of not being able to control temperature increases to just 2 degrees Celsius becomes even greater," the report said.

Governments in many major countries have failed to enact regulations that limit carbon emissions and increase the cost of emissions from businesses, which has hindered private sector investment in this expensive technology.

In the U.S., both presidential candidates have talked a lot about support for the coal industry, but rarely mentioned investments in carbon capture and storage, because the use of hydraulic fracturing has led to a surge in shale gas production, and The price of natural gas has been drastically lowered, pushing greenhouse gas emissions to a 20-year low.

According to the results of the survey report, the number of large-scale global carbon capture and storage projects has increased by only 1/75 in the past year. Since 2011, eight projects have been cancelled, but nine new projects have been identified, most of which will inject captured carbon into the ground to enable the re-extraction of oil or natural gas. At present, the United States has the largest number of carbon capture projects, with 24 projects in operation and planning, followed by 21 in Europe and 11 in China.

Projects under development in the United States and Canada are mainly using the captured carbon to resume oil extraction. China's carbon capture and storage operations are the most aggressive, with five of the nine newly established projects located in China.

The report also shows that although GHG emissions from developing countries are expected to rise due to population growth and industrialization, some progress has been made in the early stages of carbon capture and storage.

Nineteen developing countries are implementing carbon capture and storage projects, but in order to achieve the necessary global emission reduction goals that the International Energy Agency considers, 70% of carbon capture and storage projects need to be deployed in non-OECD countries by 2050. ^[3]

The report states that the UK, the United Nations and China have been formulating policies since 2011 that will help deploy carbon capture and storage projects on a larger scale.

The British government has launched a comprehensive policy to promote the expansion of demonstration-scale carbon capture and storage projects to commercial scale through reforms in the electricity market.

The UN s climate change agency decided this summer that carbon capture and storage projects are eligible for carbon offset projects under the Clean Development Mechanism, prompting developing countries to use this technology to earn carbon credits. China s five-year plan includes carbon capture and storage as a priority policy.

But the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute warns that these advances are not enough to reduce carbon emissions or prevent significant temperature rises.

"Although the investment in carbon capture and storage demonstration projects is still considerable, it is becoming more and more unstable, and the current level of funding support will serve fewer projects than originally expected," the report said. ^[3]

The Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute warns that governments need to do more than spur investment in carbon capture and storage through carbon pricing legislation. They should also reduce the advantages given to low-carbon technology policies such as renewable energy Have more subsidies and incentives. ^[3]