What Is Forensic DNA Analysis?

Forensic DNA typing is an important technique in forensic science (forensic physical evidence), and has important application value in the fields of personal identification, paternity testing, age and sex, and even the national forensic DNA database.

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In order to verify the validity of the data, computer software is usually used to randomize the data. Researchers can ask some questions through randomization tests, such as whether all results are significantly different when the data sources are different. Permutation and combination tests, such as "exact tests", are how rare it is to repeatedly mix the original genotypes obtained from population data to test the original sample genotype. Repeatedly mixed data can generate new genotype distributions, which can be compared to the original.
Re-sampling inspection, called "bootstrap method" or "jack-knifing method", can also be used to check data. The bootstrap method is a computer simulation experiment in which the original n observations are resampled by substitution. On the other hand, the re-sampling of the jack-knifing method is to reduce one of the original n observations each time, generating n samples with a sample content of n-1. Most of the papers describing population data in the literature used exact tests to rearrange the data 2000 times, although some reports reported as many as 100,000 rearrangements.
Because in most cases, only one sample of a DNA type is sampled, if we test again, we actually use a statistical test to estimate the expected value variation. Finally, a series of statistical tests were performed on genetic data to estimate the genotype frequency, as many genotypes are so rare that they cannot be observed in the population samples tested.