What is plate tectonics?

Tectonics plate is a study about how the Earth's crust is formed by geological forces. It relies on the understanding that the bark is divided into large pieces or plates that sit on the molten magma present under the surface. The interior currents cause the boards to move, causing many different geological events, including earthquakes and forming mountains and volcanoes. Understanding how plates move and interact is the main purpose of the tectonics of the album.

Although it may seem that the bark of the ground is one solid shell, the tectonics board claims to be cracked into several large pieces. These pieces are called tectonic plates and are about 50 km thick on average. Below the plates is a partially molten layer of the Earth's core, called the cloak. The cloak is in constant state of movement, driven by heat from the inner core of the Earth; It acts as a conveyor belt that slowly moves the plate hovering.

According to the tectonics board is 14 main boards:

• Pacific board
• Juan de Fuca Plate
• North American deska
• South American board
• Caribbean plate
• cocos plate
• Nazca board
• Scotia Plate
• Antarctic board
• African board
• Arabic board
• Eurasian album
• Indian-Australian album
• Philippine Plate

The

plates move at a speed of about 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.5 cm) per year. When they move, the pressures create on their borders and create different types of geological events: the bark is created, destroyed or crushed; there is an earthquake; The rise of the mountain mountains; And the continents shrink and grow.

subduction zones and divergent zones

When the thin ocean board gets closer to - or is pushed into - a stronger continental plate, the ocean board will be underpressned, under the continental plate. This is called a subduction zone and is usually noted a deep moat. When the edgeThe ocean boards slide into a soft molten mantle, pulling the rest of the plate along. This process is referred to as a plate stroke.

Since the crust is consumed in subduction zones, it is created in divergent zones. In these zones, the boards are pulled apart. The best example is the central -Atlantic ridge, which lies halfway between the east coast of the United States and Africa, and refers to the boundaries of the albums of North American and African plates. Volcanic material is constantly increasing from the seabed at the point of spreading the plates and creating a new sea bark as the old bark moves out.

Mountains, earthquakes and volcanoes

When the two continental plates are converged, they create mountain zones. This happens when the boards compress and push the peel up, somewhat like folds in the blanket. The highest range of reach on Earth was created by the Himalayas when the Indian Australian plaque collided with the Eurasian plaque. Indian-Australian album in fact still moves north and the mountains are still growing.

Instead of colliding, some plates of the counterpart around another are. Because the rocks at the edges of the plates cannot slightly slide around them, very slow movement gradually causes friction until the boards "slip", causing an earthquake. Pruda San Andreas in California is an example of this slip; The Pacific and the North American albums slipped around them near this area and caused the famous earthquake in California. The strength and length of these earthquakes are related to how the fault zone is deformed by the movement of the board.

"Fire Ring" is a string of active volcanoes - including Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Pinato and others - located around the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean. As it moves northwest, the Pacific plate is three on the surrounding plates. This friction causes melted magma to be pulled down all over the outer edges of the board, causing many volcanoes in this area.

Continental drift

The predecessor of the tectonics album was the theory of continental drift, presented in ROCE 1912 by German scientist Alfred Lothar Wegener. Wegner noted that the coasts of Africa and South America were strangely similar to them. He also found paleontological records that revealed shared coastal fossils. This and other data led Wegener to the assumption that all continents were once connected to a supercontinent he called Panga, who is Greek for "all countries".

According to Wegener theories, Pangaa began to slowly decompose 200 million years ago, first to two huge mainland, named Gondwanaland and Laurasia, and later on the continents that were visible today. This explained contradictory geological records, such as ice deposits in countries that are now abolished or the remains of tropical plants found in Antarctica. However, tectonics have become a viable science, only when the theory developed, as the continents could be.