What is the theory of the Toba disaster?
The theory of the Toba catastrophe is the idea that the international in the past of humanity, which is derived from gene analysis, was caused by the eruption of supervolcano 75,000 years ago on the Lake Toba. The theory of the Toba disaster was first designed in 1998 by Stanley H. Ambrose of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. According to gene analysis, human genetic diversity is actually relatively low compared to similar species and all people alive today come from a population of 1,000 - 10,000 breeding pairs that lived 50,000 - 150,000 years before the present. This is called an obstacle to the population.
The theory of the Toba catastrophe is supported by geological evidence (ice cores from Greenland) that show a significant change in global climate over time. Gene analysis of lice for human hair even supports the idea. Unofficial evidence of 1816, the so-called "year without winter"-caused by colossal eruption Mt. Tambora, also in in in in in in in in indonesia - shows that human populations suffer from huge victims during SOPEWinter. Eruption Mt. Toba released an estimated 2800 cubic mm (670 cubic miles) of pyroclastic material, 8 on the volcanic explosive index ("Mega-Colossal"), about 30 times larger than the largest volcanic eruption over the last two thousand years.
Ambrose, the temperature worldwide dropped in the immediate consequence of an eruption by about 5 ° C (11 ° F). It was because of the dust with a high content of the atmosphere covering the sun and the effect would take six years. Ambrose further claims that the explosion Mt. Toba was the cause of the end of the last interglacial period - which, perhaps by chance, ended at about the same time as the eruption. The most serious temperature reduction would occur in the first thousand years after eruption, which is when a narrow current should occur. Followed by the iceberg period Ninteen thousands of years, crawling Würm,
The theory of the Toba catastrophe also explains a great apparent variant of human beings despite our relatively nThe genetic diversity. Ambrose believes that people have survived a narrow profile in several isolated, non -affecting pockets. Tropical refugia in Africa would be several places where people survived. The total number of breeding pairs on Earth would never exceed 10,000 for a millennium long. After 1000 years, the continuing migration would quickly bring the breeding population back into contact and prevent them from diverting to different species.
The theory of the Toba disaster was treated with a mixed reaction. In general, evidence seems to build on its side. Since such small populations would remain limited artifacts, our only hope for mourning ore are genetic and top studies.