What Is a 3D Projection?

3D projection is a light-barrier lenticular lens used in the industrial and commercial display market.

3D projection

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3D projection is a light-barrier lenticular lens used in the industrial and commercial display market.

Chinese name

3D projection

Foreign name

3D projection

Use

Industrial Commercial Display Market

Species

Light barrier, lenticular lens pointing light source

Advantages

Compatible with existing LCD processes

The naked eye 3D technology is mostly in the research and development stage, and is mainly used in the industrial and commercial display market, so there is not much contact with the mass consumers. From a technical point of view, naked-eye 3D can be divided into three types: light barrier (Barrier), lenticular lens (Lenticular Lens) technology and directional light source (Directional Backlight). The biggest advantage of naked-eye 3D technology is to get rid of the shackles of glasses, but there are still many shortcomings in terms of resolution, viewing angle and viewing distance. ^[1]

Light barrier type Barrier 3D technology is also called parallax barrier or parallax barrier technology. Its principle is similar to polarized 3D. Engineers from Sharp's European laboratory have successfully studied for more than ten years. Light barrier 3D products are compatible with existing LCD processes, so they have advantages in terms of mass productivity and cost, but the image resolution and brightness of products using this technology will decrease. The light barrier type 3D technology is realized by using a switching liquid crystal screen, a polarizing film and a polymer liquid crystal layer, and using the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing film to produce a series of vertical stripes with a direction of 90 °. These stripes are tens of micrometers wide, and the light passing through them forms a vertical thin stripe grid pattern, which is called a "parallax barrier". And this technology uses the parallax barrier placed between the backlight module and the LCD panel. In the stereo display mode, when the image that should be seen by the left eye is displayed on the LCD screen, opaque stripes will block the right eye; for the same reason, When the image that should be seen by the right eye is displayed on the LCD screen, opaque stripes will obscure the left eye. By separating the visible images of the left eye and the right eye, the viewer can see a 3D image full of dreams.

Advantages: Therefore, it has advantages in mass production and cost, suitable for civilian consumption.

Disadvantages: The screen brightness is low, and the resolution will decrease inversely with the increase of the broadcast image at the same time.

Lenticular Lens Lens (Lenticular Lens) technology is also known as lenticular lens or micro-cylinder lens 3D technology, its biggest advantage is that its brightness will not be affected. The principle of lenticular lens 3D technology is to add a layer of lenticular lens in front of the LCD screen, so that the image plane of the LCD screen is located on the focal plane of the lens, so the pixels of the image under each lenticular lens are divided into several sub-pixels This allows the lens to project each sub-pixel in a different direction. So when you look at the display from different angles with your eyes, you see different sub-pixels. However, the gap between pixels is also enlarged, so sub-pixels cannot be simply superimposed. Let the cylindrical lens and the pixel column not be parallel, but at a certain angle. This allows each group of sub-pixels to repeatedly project the viewport instead of projecting only one set of parallax images.

The reason why its brightness is not affected is because the lenticular lens does not block the backlight, so the brightness of the picture can be well guaranteed. However, since the basic principle of 3D display is still different from that of parallax barrier technology, resolution is still a difficult problem to solve.

Advantages: 3D technology displays better results and brightness is not affected

Disadvantages: The related manufacturing is not compatible with the existing LCD process, and requires investment in new equipment and production lines.

Pointing light source 3M Pointing light source 3D technology

The major investment in 3D technology for Directional Backlight is mainly from 3M. The 3D technology for Directional Backlight is equipped with two sets of LEDs, and the fast-responding LCD panel and driving method allow 3D content to be sequential By entering the viewer's left and right eyes, the images are interchanged to generate parallax, so that the human eye can feel the 3D 3D effect. Not long ago, 3M Company just showed its successfully developed 3D optical film. The interview of this product has realized that it can display real three-dimensional stereo images in mobile phones, game consoles and other handheld devices without wearing 3D glasses, greatly enhancing Mobile device-based communication and interaction.

Advantages: It can guarantee the resolution and light transmittance without affecting the existing design structure, and the 3D display effect is excellent.

Disadvantages: Technology is still being developed and products are immature.

Other technologies In April 2009, PureDepth Corporation announced the development of an improved naked-eye 3D technology-MLD (multi-layer display). This technology can be achieved by two LCD panels overlapping at a certain interval. When using special glasses, you can see the effect of 3D images when viewing text and pictures.

In addition, the domestic manufacturer Eurasia Baolong's Bolod naked eye 3D display has now developed to the fourth generation, and its products have all achieved high-definition display. Of course, due to the non-market mainstream, we only make a simple understanding of MLD technology and Bolod naked-eye 3D display this time, and do not do in-depth technical discussions.

In addition, the naked-eye 3D terminal display products of Philips and REALCEL of the Netherlands in terms of 3D technology maturity, whether it is display effects or comprehensive competitiveness of technical solutions, are actually ahead of their peers.

Mobile Technology In March 2013, Hewlett-Packard announced that they have developed a new naked-eye 3D technology that can be used to install on mobile devices. In the future, people can directly watch 3D images on mobile phones with the naked eye.

In March 2013, the technology was completed by quantum scientist Dr. David Fataler and colleagues at the HP Institute.

Researchers mainly research and develop a backlight display. The main components of this display are light-emitting diodes and an ultra-thin waveguide structure. The latter mainly controls the electromagnetic waves in the spectrum. Its working principle is mainly to make light through interference. Skew, let people see three-dimensional effect. The key of this technology is based on the light-emitting diode's guided wave technology. The light-emitting diode can generate a wide-angle combined projection view. Whether it is a static or dynamic image, users can see the full-color image from multiple angles, even if the device is tilted. Will not be affected.

Professor Neil Dodgson of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory evaluated the invention. He said that it would be a very attractive invention, but also a detailed and long-term research process. Quality can make it go on sale.

For the commercialization status of these three technologies for various applications, parallax barriers have lower technical complexity than lenticular lenses, and there are many such products on the market. MLD is not competitive in terms of mass production technology feasibility and cost. Comprehensive analysis, lenticular lens technology is the trend and mainstream.

From the perspective of technology and product maturity, Philips and China-based Langchen Electronic Technology using lenticular lens technology are more prominent companies at this stage.

Sharp has launched 3D mobile phones with parallax barrier technology, and Nintendo has also launched 3DS game consoles with parallax barrier technology. However, due to the poor stereo display and brightness of parallax barrier technology, it is difficult to provide consumers with a perfect user experience. difference.

According to the consensus of 3D industry insiders at home and abroad, with the gradual formation of the 3D industry chain, commercial display will be the first market launched by the 3D industry, followed by portable personal consumer electronics, and finally the large-scale home market. .

Mobile Touch Screen Sharp announced today that it has developed the world's first high-definition naked eye 3D mobile touch screen (supporting 2D / 3D conversion). The advent of this touch screen also paved the way for the development of Nintendo's naked eye 3DS handheld plan.

The newly developed naked-eye 3D LCD screen mainly uses a parallax barrier system to form a three-dimensional image. After taking advantage of the CG silicon liquid crystal processing technology, the brightness and color saturation of the LCD screen are excellent.

CG silicon liquid crystal processing technology reduces the wiring width inside the liquid crystal panel, which greatly improves the light transmission rate. Compared with Sharp's previous LCD panels, the brightness of the new LCD screen is doubled to 500 lumens; the optimization of parallax barrier technology has further enhanced light utilization, reduced color crosstalk and higher color saturation.

Moreover, although the naked-eye 3D display supports a touch function, the thickness of the liquid crystal module is the same as that of a conventional 2D module. Supporting horizontal and vertical 3D image viewing, the new display is considered very suitable for mobile tools such as smartphones.

The display developed by Sharp is 3.4 inches, supports a resolution of 480 X 854 pixels, and has a brightness of 500 lumens in 2D mode. The contrast ratio of 1000: 1 is almost 10 times that of the traditional 3D LCD of the same type.

In addition, Sharp is also developing a non-touch 3D LCD screen, and plans to begin mass production in the second half of fiscal 2010.

Parallax barrier technology:

That is, two images with different angles are equally divided into vertical lines, and then the left and right images are fused together in an interlace manner. The even part of the fused graphic is the right image, and the odd part is the left image. However, in order to achieve the three-dimensional effect, it is necessary to add the grating fringe between the transparent slit and the opaque barrier to the fusion pattern. The width between the slit and the barrier needs to be consistent with the width of the left and right image cuts, and then reused. The shielding effect of the barrier ensures that the image corresponds to the left and right eyes, and the difference between the images seen through both eyes forms a three-dimensional feeling.

CG silicon processing technology:

It is a liquid crystal screen technology. Under strong outdoor light, the backlight tube is manually turned off. The light passes through the polarizing plate and is projected on a reflective electrode composed of continuous single crystal silicon (Silicon). The brighter the light, the higher the color saturation of the LCD panel, and the brighter the picture we are watching.

Nintendo Technology At the E3 2010 Nintendo conference, Nintendo officially revealed the true body of the next-generation handheld N3DS! However, Satoshi Iwata said that this press conference is not the official press conference of N3DS, so the information about 3DS will not be disclosed too much. In the subsequent videos of many well-known game producers' opinions on 3DS, everyone gave 3DS a very high rating. Better control, more game possibilities, they all say that they have to do something completely different, it seems that those games we are familiar with will undergo major changes!

3DS function:

According to Iwata's presentation at the press conference, the appearance of the N3DS is a bit like NDSi, but the upper screen is widescreen and the lower screen is a 4: 3 touch screen. The 3DS will have a joystick, and the camera will have a camera on the inside and an outside camera. There are two cameras that allow players to take 3D stereo photos instantly.

Naked-eye 3D vendors Several companies at home and abroad have launched naked-eye 3D commercial displays, TVs, and advertising machines, but due to the lack of a unified industry standard, their respective technical solutions are different, and of course the display effect and technical maturity are also different.

There are PHILIPS, Toshiba, ALIOSCOPY abroad; China has Langchen Technology REALCEL, Chuangtu Shiwei, Zhejiang Tianlu and other companies.

At present, there are also many places in China that have used naked-eye 3D display products for display. Consumers can experience naked-eye 3D at Shenzhen Airport, Shenzhen Nanshan Coastal City Shopping Center and Coastal Theater, Hunan Science and Technology Museum, and some theater ticket halls in first-tier cities. Shock effect. If you want to learn more about it, you can only experience it yourself if you see it on the spot.