What is a Chaebol?

The chaebol is a monopoly capital group formed by combining the same family and close relatives under the control of the same financial oligarch. A generic term for Japanese financial monopoly capital groups before World War II. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan entered a period of capitalist development. At the beginning of the 20th century, monopoly organizations developed extensively. Prior to the 1930s, the four wealthy tycoons of Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, and Yasuda were formed. After the 1930s, a number of emerging chaebols appeared, such as Xichuan, Asano, Furukawa, Okura, Nakashima, and Nomura. These chaebols take the family head office as the center and form a special shareholding relationship of "family head company-direct company-side company". ^[1]

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Chaebol is in the same

A typical chaebol has the following characteristics: First, it must be a close family business. The main resources in the business are held by a few people, and they have each other.

Chaebol Japan

In the 19th century, Japan successively established Mitsui Corporation, Sumitomo Corporation, Mitsubishi Corporation, and Yasuda Corporation. The power of these four corporations is concentrated on one person, and most of the companies run by the company use relatives as their principals. In addition to industry, the home trading company also actively participates in the financial industry. The left hand controls the most important capital in capitalism, and the right hand controls the production tools. The power is very large, and it usually also operates government licensed industries. Although the chaebol was forced to dissolve after World War II, it continued to maintain the spirit of the chaebol through cross-shareholding and other methods.

At the beginning of the 20th century, with the further strengthening of production and capital concentration, Japan formed the four wealthy chariots centered on the family: Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, and Yasuda . They take the parent company controlled by family capital as the core, and through the shareholding relationship of the family parent companydirect companycollimate company, they control the direct and affiliated companies in various economic sectors to form a huge Kang Zeen. During World War II, six new chaebols were added to the original four major chaebols, including Takigawa, Asano, Furukawa, Okura, Nakajima, and Nomura , collectively referred to as the top ten chaebols in Japan .

However, after World War II, the chaebol was forcibly disbanded by the U.S. military because it acted as a Japanese imperialist backup during World War II. As a result, the monopoly core and dominance of Japanese financial capital groups have undergone major changes. For example, six major financial capital groups, including Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Sumitomo, Fuji (Furong), Miwa, and Daiichi Bank, focus on their respective banks and include the financial industry, industry, transportation, commerce, and international trade. And other major economic sectors, controlling Japan's economic lifeline and national machinery. Therefore, people generally no longer refer to Japan's financial capital blocs as chaebols after the Second World War, but like other capitalist countries to consortia.

After the Second World War, large companies that were generally controlled by families, diversified operations, cross-shareholdings, and even involved in politics were the chaebol, and the chaebol had a negative meaning in South Korea and other regions.

Chaebol Korea

In South Korea, due to the needs of national management and production, five major chaebols such as Samsung, Hyundai, Daewoo, LG, and Sunkyo have gradually formed. These companies are in the hands of the same family, and their operating projects cover almost the entire Industry and commerce, and even the media, politics, and social resources are in the hands of these companies. The Samsung Group alone alone accounts for 15% of South Korea's gross domestic product. It also runs South Korea's Central Daily News. Hyundai Group also has "Culture Daily" as its mouthpiece. Because the number of South Korean chaebols is very small (only five) and are far larger than some of the small chaebols of Japanese chaebols, the English language Chaebol for Korean chaebols is used to represent Korea chaebols, which is different from The general chaebol Zaibatsu.

Chaebol Hong Kong China

The Li Ka-shing family in Hong Kong has always been a role model for Hong Kong before the transfer of sovereignty in Hong Kong. On the one hand, of course, because Mr. Li slowly climbed from the bottom of the society to become the chairman of a listed company, he did not only fight in an acquisition battle. Withdrawing from the adversary, he also successfully conducted an anti-acquisition to acquire Hutchison Whampoa's subsidiary. In addition to maintaining political neutrality before the reunification, he became the target of the public in Hong Kong. However, since Li Ka-shing was appointed as a Hong Kong affairs consultant, he has become a representative of the Mainland in Hong Kong, and has continued to use his public influence to interfere with Hong Kong's economic and political development after the reunification. In addition to the continuous expansion of his two groups, the Yangtze River and Hutchison, they have begun to achieve market monopoly in various industries, including telecommunications and supermarkets, and have further suffocated the living space of SMEs. He has become a Hong Kong-style chaebol.

Chaebol China Taiwan

In the past 40 years, Taiwan has followed the policy of ant male soldiers. The economy is mainly dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, but there are also many chaebols. For example, Liba / Dongsen Group started from the early franchised cement industry, and later expanded into department stores, real estate, finance (China Bank), media (Dongsen TV, Min Daily) and other industries. The founder of the group Wang once served as The KMT member of the Standing Committee, his son Wang Linglin also served as a "legislator", and every enterprise in the enterprise, Wang once assigned his children to participate, is a typical Taiwanese chaebol. And Evergreen, Fubon, Formosa Plastics and other enterprises are also Taiwanese enterprise groups with more chaebol characteristics.