What Is Resource Depletion?
A resource-exhausted city refers to a city where the development of mineral resources has entered the late, late, or final stage, and its cumulative production reserves have reached more than 70% of recoverable reserves. China has a total of 69 resource-exhausted cities.
Resource-exhausted city
- Resource-based cities (including resource-based areas) are based on minerals in the area [1]
- Resource-exhausted cities refer to the late stage of mineral resource development, [2]
- Resource-exhausted cities have four common characteristics:
- I. Depletion of resources and decline in industrial efficiency;
- 2. The industrial structure is single, the resource industry is shrinking, and alternative industries have not yet formed;
- 3. The economic aggregate is insufficient and local financial resources are weak;
- 4. The income of a large number of employees is lower than the national per capita level of urban residents.
- In 2008, 2009 and 2011, the country identified 69 resource-exhausted cities (counties, districts) in three batches. The central government has given financial support to these two batches of financial transfer payments. The National Development and Reform Commission has set up special funds for the development of resource-based cities to continue to replace industries. [3]
- Resource-exhausted city
- After just a few decades of development, China's resource-based cities are gradually threatened by resource depletion, because natural resources as non-renewable resources, the production of resources has been reduced year by year, and in the development and construction of each resource city, only the exploitation of resources is considered and ignored. Because of the conditions and factors of urban development, many problems have been caused. Resource-based cities are facing complex and diverse difficulties, which are manifested in the following aspects:
- 1 The resource and environmental foundation of urban development is in crisis. With the depletion of resources, the ecological environment has deteriorated, arable land has deteriorated,
- 1 Adopt a diversified development strategy, develop a circular economy, and break out of the cycle of industrial decline
- Resource-based industries are at the upstream of the industrial chain, with very low profit margins. The consumption of resources weakens the city's accumulation capacity, and the production costs continue to increase. The strong dependence on resources has led to the production of only primary products in the division of labor in the market. Vicious cycle of transformation. In this case, based on the principle of "reduction, reuse, and resource utilization", efficient and circular use of resources, while fostering new economic growth points, fostering continuity industries, and turning resource advantages into market advantages and product advantages, and further Form unique industrial chain advantages, and transfer profits to related industries and other industries, and actively develop other pillar industries such as high-tech, chemical, food, textile, and medicine.
- 2 Implement industrial structure optimization strategies to ensure the unification of industrial and urban policies
- Adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure is an important way and the first task for the transformation of resource-exhausted cities. First, adjust the industrial structure based on the supply structure of resource-based enterprises and the supply structure of non-resource-based enterprises according to the social and economic environment. At the same time, properly guide the role of urban policies in the demand structure, adhere to the feasibility of resource conditions, the consistency of production and sales, Selecting the economic benefits, with the direction of marketization, industrialization, and socialization, selectively develop a number of high-tech industries to improve the overall competitiveness of the economy. At the same time, the basic position of agriculture in the primary industry is consolidated, agricultural technological transformation is promoted, appropriate supporting policies are formulated, the tertiary industry is reorganized and transformed, the development of the emerging tertiary industry is accelerated, the individual and private economy is vigorously developed, the economic structure is diversified, and finally realized Sustainable city development.
- 3 Implement intensive integration strategy and explore new ways for the development of resource-exhausted cities
- At this stage, a significant feature of resource-based cities is that there are too many resource-based enterprises, which are about 150,000. Local small enterprises and national large-scale resource enterprises are closed to each other, forming an obvious dual structure, which has caused resource management. Difficulties, large waste of resources, low economic benefits, and many hidden dangers. Therefore, the government should encourage intensive operation and development, reorganize and restructure, and integrate a group of large internationally competitive enterprise groups to adapt to economic globalization and joining The new situation of the WTO has participated in international competition on a larger scale, in a wider area, and at a deeper level. The outward-looking economy has been implicated to accelerate its integration with international standards.
- A total of 12:
- In order to implement "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-based Cities" (Guo Fa [2007] No. 38), effectively respond to the international financial crisis, and promote the sustainable development of resource-based cities and the coordinated development of regional economies. The State Council identified a second batch of 32 resource-exhausted cities. The central government will provide financial support for a total of 44 cities, including 12 previously depleted cities.
- I. 9 prefecture-level cities : Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, Huaibei City, Anhui Province, Tongling City, Anhui Province, Qitaihe City, Heilongjiang Province, Wansheng District, Chongqing (treated as a prefecture-level city), Liaoning Fushun City, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province.
- Second, one city under direct management: Qianjiang City, Hubei Province
- Third, 16 county-level cities
- : Liyang City, Hunan Province, Lengshuijiang City, Hunan Province, Wanshan Special Zone in Tongren, Guizhou Province, Yumen City, Gansu Province, Lingbao City, Henan Province, Heshan City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, and Shulan City, Jilin Province , Huaying City, Sichuan Province, Jiutai City, Jilin Province, Zixing City, Hunan Province, Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province, Wudalianchi City (Heilongjiang), Heilongjiang Province, Aershan City (Inner Mongolia) Jilin Dunhua (Forestry).
- 3. Six municipal districts : Yangjiazhangzi Development Zone, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, Yingshouyingzi Mining Area, Chengde City, Hebei Province, Nanpao District, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, Dongchuan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, and Gong City, Liaoyang Province Changling District, Xiahuayuan District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province.
- In 2011, the State Council approved another 25 resource-exhausted cities. According to statistics from the competent department (Northeast Development Department of the National Development and Reform Commission), there are 69 cities in the country that have been depleted of resources. [3]
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