What Does a Union Organizer Do?

Trade union organizations represent the interests of workers. Among modern social organizations, trade unions are special social organizations composed of workers. The trade union movement involves all aspects of the economic and social life of workers, especially in the formation and changes of labor relations. The existence of a trade union also acts as a representative of the laborer and negotiates with the employer on the contradictions and labor issues in the labor relationship, such as labor wages, labor hours, labor benefits, etc., to protect the laborers' rights and interests. As the representative of the labor group, the union has become an important part of the labor relationship in the market economy and the representative of the labor owner.

Unions

Trade Union Organization Background

The old Chinese economy was very backward, and it was not until the middle of the 19th century after it became a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society that modern industry appeared and the first generation of proletariat was born. Before the emergence of modern trade unions, there had been old-style industrial and commercial associations called guilds, including public offices, clubs, and public banks. The guild system has the greatest influence on industry and commercial workers. Employers and employees participate in the same guild, and powerful employers naturally become the ruling party. Guilds have nothing in common with modern unions. (Note: See Historical Exploration: The Labor Law, Economic Science Press, 1990, pp. 251-25, 2).

Old Chinese trade unions

According to the trade union regulations and trade union laws promulgated by the Guangzhou Government and the Nanjing National Government of the Republic of China, many trade unions have been established in various walks of life, some of which are industrial unions and some are professional unions. Some grass-roots trade unions and professional trade unions also organize local federations, such as the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions (1931) and the Shanxi Province Federation of Trade Unions (1937). The establishment of various trade unions is mostly due to the voluntary demands of labor, and some have a complex political background. However, most of the trade unions have made active efforts and beneficial contributions to safeguarding the economic interests of labor. Many unions have also actively participated in anti-imperialist and anti-Japanese efforts United struggle action. The Kuomintang Nanjing government initiated the organization of the Republic of China Federation of Trade Unions in 1947, with the purpose of organizing forces to step up anti-Communist "unrest" activities, but it was immediately opposed by workers everywhere.

Here is a special mention of the China Labor Association, which was established in Shanghai in 1935. The association was initially a labor culture group. Later, internal political attitudes diverged. One group accepted the anti-Japanese national united front policy proposed by the Communist Party of China, and the other insisted on anti-communism. In May 1945, the KMT manipulated the establishment of the China Labor Welfare Association in an attempt to replace the increasingly left-leaning China Labor Association, but failed to achieve its purpose. China Labor Association joined the All-China Federation of Trade Unions as a group member in August 1948, and it was declared an end by itself in November 1949.

Union formation

The union is a product of the workers' movement. The concept of the workers 'movement, in a broad sense, includes working party movements, trade union movements and related workers' women's movements, youth movements, etc. In a narrow sense, it refers to the trade union movement. China's new-style trade unions are organized after the trade unions of developed countries. The Guangzhou Packers' Federation, established in 1851, was the earliest union-like organization. This organization once held strikes against aggression against China by Britain, France and other countries. It was immediately suppressed and ordered to disband by local authorities in the Qing Dynasty. Since then, the Chinese trade union movement has been silent for more than 40 years. However, the spontaneous struggle of workers against foreign colonialism and feudalism has continued after the Opium War. The main strikes were two strikes by Hong Kong workers (1844, 1858), general strikes by Hong Kong and Macao workers (1858), the struggle of anti-sweeping Chinese workers in Shanghai (1859), the struggle of salt workers in Zigong (1860), and the Northeast Chaoyang miners Uprising (1861), the struggle of workers in Shanghai against donations (1877), strike at Kaiping Coal Mine (1882), strike at Hanyang Iron Works (1889), strike by workers at Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau (1890), and so on. (Note: See the editor of Chang Kai: Dictionary of the History of the Chinese Workers' Movement, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990 edition, pp. 79-86, pp. 249-266. , P. 252.)

Development of trade union organizations

In the second half of the 19th century, China's modern industry gradually developed. Conclusion of the Sino-Japanese War

Trade unions organize play

Later, a large number of foreign businessmen, led by Japanese businessmen, flooded into China to establish industries, and national capitalist industries also developed. The number of industrial workers on the eve of the Sino-Japanese War was about 100,000, and the number was 600,000 before the First World War. In 1919, it increased to more than 2 million, and there were more than 10 million handicraft workers and shop assistants in the cities. (Note: See Historical Exploration: "Labor Law", Economic Science Press, 1990, pp. 25-26; Xiao Xiaoqin, Li Liangzhi: "History of Chinese Revolution" (Vol. 1), Hongqi Press, 1983, p. 29.) With the growth of the proletarian ranks, trade union organizations have sprung up and have been established. The most influential trade union organizations are the Guangdong Machinery Research Association (1909), the All-China Railway Union (1912), the Shanghai Filigree Women Workers 'Union (1912), the Manufacturing Workers' Union (1912), and the Tangshan Public Welfare Society (1913). ), (Shanghai-Nanjing, Shanghai-Hangzhou) Two-way Fan Club (1913), China Coastal Crew Association (1916), Middle East Railway Union (1917), etc. (Note: See the editor of Chang Kai: Dictionary of the History of the Chinese Workers' Movement, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, pp. 79-86, pp. 24 9-266; historical exploration: Labor Law, Economic Science Press, 1990 Annual edition, page 252.)

The Qing government and the Beiyang government in the early years of the Republic of China adopted an attitude of extreme hostility and strict prohibition against the trade union movement. Let's take a brief look at the situation in developed western countries for comparison. Britain completed the industrial revolution in the second half of the 18th century. At that time, in order to resist excessive exploitation and strive for minimum labor and living conditions, the British had launched alliance strikes and organized mutual aid associations, friendship associations, and other sprouting organizations with trade unions. France, Germany, and the United States completed the industrial revolution in the first half of the 19th century. The union established by the Weavers in Scotland in 1818 was the earliest union organization in the world, and other industrial developed countries have also appeared. Trade unions are generally banned in various countries, and restrictions must be imposed after the ban has been lifted. Later, the capitalists' continual struggle against workers had to make some concessions; at the same time, enlightened capitalists and bourgeois governments gradually realized the beneficial role of trade unions in coordinating labor relations and stabilizing social and economic order, and adopted an attitude that allowed trade unions to legally exist. The trade union law promulgated in Britain in 1871 was the first trade union law in the world to protect the legal status of trade unions. Subsequently, other countries have promulgated trade union laws. The Qing Dynasty's closed-door policy was defeated by imperialist foreign artillery in the 19th century. The Qing government established some military industrial enterprises in order to achieve the purpose of the ship's gunfire, but adopted a dismissive attitude towards the theory of progressive society. It and the Beiyang warlord government in the early years of the Republic of China had a particularly severe attitude toward the trade union movement. During this period, the Laws of Association and Assembly (1908), the Outline of the King James Constitution (1908), the Great Criminal Law (1910), the Provisional New Criminal Law (1912), and the Police Order (1914), etc. Although many contents have improved from feudal law, strikes and solidarity activities of the Workers' Union are strictly prohibited. For example, Article 224 of the "Provisional New Criminal Law" stipulates that for strikers in the Alliance, "the chief convict shall be sentenced to four years or less in prison, detained or fined not more than three hundred yuan, and the rest shall be detained or fined not more than thirty yuan"; Or will be ", according to the case of harassment. The "Police Police Regulations" stipulates that for the gathering of laborers, it is forbidden to "seduce and incite" allies who dismiss, strike, demand compensation, disturb the order of peace, and obstruct good customs; if they violate the law, "five Imprisonment of not more than one month, or a fine of five to fifty yuan. " (Note: See Historical Exploration: "Labor Law", Economic Science Press, 1990, pp. 252-253; Chang Kai, editor: "Chinese Labor Movement History Dictionary", Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, 499-512 .) These regulations hampered and hindered the development of the trade union movement.

Growing unions

China's trade union movement has grown and grown under complicated and difficult political and social conditions. The pioneer of the democratic revolution, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, took an active supportive attitude towards the trade union movement. The Guangdong government he led in January 1921 explicitly abolished the "Police Police Regulations" and all laws prohibiting and restricting labor solidarity. On February 24, 1922, the State Council of the Guangzhou Government passed the "Regulations on Trade Unions", which stipulates that workers over 16 years of age can organize trade unions, and trade unions are legal persons. This is the beginning of China's modern trade union legislation. The "Bill of Trade Unions" issued by the Beijing Government (1925), the "Provisional Regulations of the Trade Union Organizations" (1928) and the "Trade Union Law" (1929), the "Republic of China Training and Covenant Law" (1931) On the one hand, it claims to protect the freedom of assembly and association, and on the other hand, it imposes restrictions on union activities in an effort to completely control it under the government, which is far from the purpose of modern trade union legislation. (Note: See Historical Exploration: "Labor Law", Economic Science Press, 1990, pp. 252-253; Chang Kai, editor: "Chinese Labor Movement History Dictionary", Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, 499-512 .)

As the Chinese working class grows stronger, the struggle against imperialism and reactionary regimes is constantly being strengthened and expanded. For example, according to incomplete statistics, there were more than 70 strikes from 1895 to 1913, 17 times in 1916, 21 times in 1917, 30 times in 1918, 46 times in 1920, and 49 times in 1921. With the help of the Communist Group, the Shanghai Machinery Trade Union was established on November 21, 1920; soon, the printing trade union was established in Shanghai; the Changxindian Workers Club was established in Beijing (May 1921). Several railroad workers' clubs. Trade union clubs have also been established in Hunan, Wuhan and other places. (Note: See Xiao Xiaoqin and Li Liangzhi: History of the Chinese Revolution (Vol. 1), Hongqi Publishing House, 1 983, pp. 29-30, 48.)

CCP leadership

Once the Chinese Communist Party was established, it worked hard to lead the workers' movement. On August 11, 1921, the Chinese Labor Portfolio Secretary was established in Shanghai, which was the leading organ of the Communist Party of China in the early open leadership of the trade union movement. The first National Labor Conference was held in Guangzhou in May 1922, and a declaration was issued, proposing slogans such as working for 8 hours, strike assistance, downed warlords, and downed imperialism, marking the beginning of the Chinese working class's unity and promotion. This led to the development of a national strike. The main strikes that occurred around this time were: the strike of the British and American Tobacco Factory in Shanghai (the second half of 1921), the strike of Hong Kong seamen (January to March 1922), and the strike of the seamen and silk mill workers in Shanghai (August 1922) ), Anyuan Road and Mine Strike (September 1922), and Guangdong Han Road, Jingfeng Road, Kailuan Coal Mine, Shanghai Gold and Silver and Japanese Spinners Workers Strike. The February 27th strike of the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway workers in February 1923 was even more famous at the epicenter. In this tragedy, 52 workers were killed, more than 300 were injured, more than 60 were arrested, and more than 1,000 people were fled unless they were driven away. In the more than one year from the January 1922 strike to the "Twenty-seventh" strike, the strike struggle reached 187 times. (Note: Xiao Xiaoqin and Li Liangzhi: History of the Chinese Revolution (Vol. 1), Hongqi Publishing House, 1983, p. 57.)

In May 1925, the Second National Labor Congress was held in Guangzhou, and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions was formally established. In the year of 1925, there were successive shocks in the strikes of Shanghai Riyan Mill, Qingdao Riyan Mill, strikes in the "May 30th Movement", strikes caused by the Hankou and Shaji tragedies, the provincial and Hong Kong strikes, and the Anyuan strike. World events. The third and fourth national labor conferences were held in Guangzhou in May 1926 and in Hankou in June 1927, respectively. Under the white terror of Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup on April 12, 1927, the Fifth National Labor Conference was held secretly in Shanghai in November 1929. The trade union movement was at a low ebb, but the workers' struggle did not stop. Many strikes occurred in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, the strike struggle was more directed towards the aggressive behavior of Japanese imperialism, such as the anti-Japanese strike in Shanghai Japanese Commercial Spinners (1936), the Beiping workers struggle to support the July 7 war (1937), and the national workers anti-Japanese strike (1937), anti-Japanese strike by Hong Kong dock workers (1937-1938) and so on. (Note: Chang Kai, chief editor: Dictionary of the History of the Chinese Workers' Movement, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, pp. 120-126, 383-393, and 157-162.) After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions actually No longer exists.

From the above, we can see that China's trade union movement has always been closely integrated with the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people and has flourished under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Common goals of trade union organizations

(1) Guarantee that it will not change and improve the living standards of its members where possible

Knowledge of building corporate culture organized by Xinji Federation of Trade Unions

And economic status;

(2) exert influence on the authoritative relationship in society, in order to facilitate the realization of the interests and purposes of the union;

(3) Improve the welfare of all people who work for survival, whether he is a member of the union or not;

(4) Establish a precautionary mechanism for employers to use capricious and arbitrary policies and promote it to the workplace;

(5) Improving and ensuring the level of personal security as much as possible in response to threats or accidents caused by market fluctuations, technological changes or management decisions.

Organizational role of trade unions

(1) Correctly positioning trade union work is a prerequisite for doing a good job of trade union work in the new period;

(2) Continuously improving the incentive mechanism is the basis for doing a good job of trade union work in the new period;

(3) Caring for and protecting employees' legitimate rights and interests is a sacred mission entrusted by the law to trade union organizations

(4) The implementation of the open system of corporate affairs is a powerful guarantee for the work of trade unions in the new period ^[1]

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of the reform and development of the financial system, the Agricultural Development Bank has made beneficial attempts in corporate culture construction and has achieved certain results. Among them, trade union organizations play a very important role in promoting the construction of corporate culture. ^[2]