What Are the Different Types of Euthanasia?

Euthanasia refers to stopping treatment or using medications for an incurable patient so that the patient can die without pain. The word "euthanasia" is derived from the Greek word meaning "happily" to die. It includes two meanings, one is the painless death of ease; the other is the painless death.

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The theory and practice of euthanasia have a long history.

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Generally divided into two categories:

1. Active (active) euthanasia refers to taking measures to promote the death of a patient and ending his life, such as when the patient cannot stand the torture of the terminal illness.

2. Passive (passive) euthanasia. That is to say, patients who are in the rescue, such as critically ill patients, will not be given or withdrawn treatment measures and allowed to die.

In the discussion of euthanasia, two cases should be distinguished:

1. Euthanasia of a dying patient. Here, euthanasia simply advances the time of death slightly.

2. Euthanasia in non-critically ill patients. Without euthanasia, the patient can live for quite a long time, and may not be consciously suffering, but his quality of life is low and a burden on the social family. Examples include deformed or hypoplastic infants and young children or patients with incurable diseases but not yet at critical stage, and vegetatives.

From both an ethical and legal perspective, negative euthanasia is close to natural death, while positive euthanasia is close to intentional homicide. ^[6]

Injection cyanide

In the case of hypnotic injection to make the patient fall asleep, cyanide injection causes the patient to die. Principle of cyanide action: Because human cells do not contain chlorophyll, they must take food in vitro to maintain body temperature, muscle contraction and stretching. In order to be able to extract energy from food, the body secretes another enzyme NAD, NAD and hydrogen in food Combined into NADH2 to replenish the body's energy. Used up hydrogen and exhaled oxygen combine to turn into water. Cyanide prevents exhaled oxygen from combining with hydrogen to turn it into water. At the same time, the body no longer secretes NAD, and the excess oxygen in the human body causes the cells in the body to no longer breathe, eventually leading to heart failure (the heart is composed of muscles). In China, cyanide is not used for medical purposes, only for industrial use.

High-dose anesthetic

Let the patient fall asleep, and then inject a central anesthetic with respiratory depression. The anesthetic here usually refers to some powerful sedative drugs that can cause suffocation.

A certain amount of anesthetic can play a role in inhibiting the nerve center. The sleeping pills are originally used to improve the quality of sleep. Generally, they only play a supporting role, and usually only make the patient fall asleep. After that, a strong anesthetic was injected to suppress the human respiratory system, and eventually died of breathing due to the anesthetic.

The act of euthanasia must be strictly in accordance with the rules of procedure on the premise that the legal entity conditions are met

The issue of euthanasia has not been formally discussed in China, but advanced medical technologies that have contributed to the intensification of euthanasia have been widely introduced and promoted in China. On July 5, 1988,

According to foreign media reports, Belgian officials said that a terminally ill child would be the first minor to be euthanized in the world. It is reported that the chairman of the Belgian Federal Commission for Euthanasia Control and Assessment Diestelman confirmed this case. He revealed that the applicant was close to 18 years old, had no terminal illness, and "cannot bear the torture of the disease." Doctors will use sedatives to help patients enter a state of sleep. Distelman said a local doctor in the French-speaking area of Flemish, Belgium, informed the committee last week of the euthanasia case. He did not provide more information about the applicant. Belgium lifted the age limit for euthanasia applicants two years ago. The country is the only country in the world that allows applications for euthanasia without age restrictions. The condition is that the applicant must have the ability to make a reasonable decision, must be in the terminally incurable late stage, and have to make multiple applications because of "facing intolerable illness". In addition, applications for children under 18 years of age must also be approved by both parents. ^[25]

In 2009, South Korea officially removed the ventilator for a patient in a vegetative state and implemented South Korea's first "dignity of death." ^[4]