What Factors Affect Human Attention?

Attention refers to the ability of a person's mental activity to point and focus on something. "Attention" is an old and timeless topic. Russian educator Ushensky once pointedly pointed out: "Attention is the only portal of our soul, and everything in consciousness must pass through it before it can come in." Attention refers to the direction and concentration of a person's psychological activity on certain external things. .

Word : Attention

Pinyin : zhù yì lì

Basic explanation

Focus on one aspect of the mind.

definition

Explained from the second life morphology terminology, it is the five information channel pairs of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste.

note(

Note that from beginning to end throughout

There are four characteristics of attention, namely, the breadth of attention, the stability of attention, the allocation of attention, and the transfer of attention, which are indicators of a person's attention.

1.Attention stability

Refers to a person's ability to focus more steadily on a particular object and activity within a certain period of time. That is, the quality of the lesson; for example, when the child is in the "slip number" state most of the time, or occasionally "slide number" state. Lead to child knowledge

Usually there are several reasons for inattention

• Physiological reasons Because the child's brain is not fully developed, the nervous system's excitement and inhibition processes develop imbalanced, so the ability to control itself is poor. This is normal, as long as you are nurtured, most children will be able to concentrate as they get older.

• Pathological reasons Children have slight brain tissue damage and abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain. In addition, children with hearing or visual impairments may be mistaken for deaf ears, not paying attention to hearing or turning a blind eye. These conditions need to be treated under the guidance of a specialist in order to improve.

• Environmental reasons -many candies, caffeinated drinks, or mixed with

  Inattention, the so-called inattention, is a very common phenomenon among students.

  Observe your child's unique performance

  When focusing attention on an object (things and behaviors), it is often accompanied by some unique physiological changes and facial movements. If we are good at observing, then based on these physiological changes and facial movements, we can judge more accurately Whether the child is paying attention.

  The most prominent external manifestations when paying attention are the following:

  (1) Generate adaptive activities, that is, to direct the senses towards the thing being noticed.

  When you pay attention to the painting, you focus on the painting and stare, which is the so-called gaze. When Zhu Yu listens to the song of the thrush, he will turn his ears in the direction of the birds and listen to his side. When immersed in thinking, the eyes are often "gaze", as if looking at the distance, is the so-called full attention, the local dialect is sometimes called "fat." Here the gaze, ear listening, and stunned distance are all adaptive activities that occur when you pay attention.

  (2) Irrelevant actions will stop.

  When a person is paying attention, his external movements often appear to be stationary. As mentioned earlier, the child was sitting motionless on a stool while watching a cartoon, and even forgot to eat an apple. For another example, when you tell a story to a child, the child can hear God, looks up at you motionlessly, and becomes very quiet. These are the signs of a child's irrelevant action stopping when he or she is nervous.

  (3) Breathing becomes slight and slow.

  When the child is paying attention, breathing will become slightly and slowly, and the ratio of exhalation and breathing will change. Generally, the breathing will be shorter and the breathing will be longer. When you are paying attention, breathing often stops temporarily, which is the so-called "holding breath" phenomenon. For example, at a piano concert, people listened very attentively. Despite the large number of listeners, they were still quiet, could not hear other sounds, and could not even detect their own breathing. For another example, we may have all played airsoft guns. When you focus on aiming at the balloon, you usually hold your breath.

  (4) other phenomena.

  When you are paying attention, you may experience accelerated heart beats, clenched teeth, and clenched fists. This is often the case for many spectators when watching intense football or boxing matches, for example.

  For children's attention training, you can refer to the following methods:

  (1) Dual practice

  This practice method is: let the teenager memorize two kinds of related materials together, and then let the teenager recall the other related materials based on one kind of material.

  (2) One-time practice

  The practice of this practice method is to ask the teenager to memorize some information by one click, then cover the information and expose the contents of the material one by one. Each exposure reveals one piece of information, so that the teenager can recall the content immediately following.

  Examples of detailed practice questions:

  Adults find some pictures, first cover the graphics with a piece of paper, and then press the exposure from top to bottom to expose the teenagers one by one.

  After showing the youngster 3 times, cover the picture, and then expose each one to let the youngster tell what the next one is.

  Adults let teenagers look at the numbers in the box below for 1 minute, then cover the numbers, and press the left to right button to expose the numbers.

  Every time a number is exposed, ask the teenager to say the number to the right of it (if the teenager does not finish the first time, it can be redone).

  (3) Penetration Practice

  This practice method is: first let the teenager memorize some information, after the completion of the memorization, do not immediately remind the teenager, but then let the teenager do some other work, and then let the teenager remember the content previously remembered.

  (4) Digital practice method

  The intention of this practice method is to make teenagers recall a lot of numbers and reach the intention of developing the ability to recall. As I mentioned earlier, numbers are the hardest materials to remember, so they are also the best material for practicing memory skills.

  (5) Frequency practice method

  The practice of this practice method is to repeatedly present some materials to the juvenile, and some of them are presented repeatedly, so that the juvenile remembers the number of times these materials are presented.

  Examples of detailed practice questions: Parents prepare pictures of 7 kinds of animals, such as rabbits, dogs, horses, males, elephants, giraffes, and sheep. Then press the following buttons to show the youngsters each picture for one second. Then ask the teenager to say that pictures of rabbits and elephants have been presented several times. If the teenager is not finished well, repeat it once. Rabbit, mountain male, giraffe, rabbit, elephant, sheep, dog, horse, mountain male, elephant, rabbit, mountain male, elephant, giraffe. Parents read the following numbers to the teenager in turn, one every second. After reading it, ask the teenager to say 5, 6, and read the numbers twice. If it is not completed well by the teenager, it can be repeated once. Parents please be patient.

  Interpersonal tension

  1. It is difficult to share items or wait in order with classmates and friends, it is easy to conflict or fight with others, it is violent, and it is difficult to form a normal friend relationship with classmates;

  2. Disobedience to parents or teachers often causes parents to experience frustration and anger repeatedly;

  3. Easily interrupt the conversation of others, without thinking about the response; or unable to control their behavior according to social requirements;

  4. It is easy to misunderstand, despise or neglect the true meaning of the message transmitted by others, resulting in poor popularity;

  5. It is easy to be attracted by many fresh stimuli, and their ability to resist temptation and interference is poor. They often fail to comply with norms and instructions, and it is difficult to adapt to collective life and society;

  6. The deterioration of interpersonal relationships often affects children's emotional health and personality health, improper handling, and even serious psychological problems;

  School discipline is difficult to restrain

  1. Due to the lack of self-inhibition (impulsive) ability, various behavior problems will gradually increase, language and behavior are impulsive, and some children are highly aggressive;

  2. When under pressure, it will be less able to control the suppression ability, and the hyperactive behavior will be more serious;

  3. Can't remember several instructions at the same time, the thinking is jumpy, and mistakes or omissions often occur;

  4. There are many small movements in class, such as playing with pencils, rubbers, picking this up, playing with textbooks, tearing books, etc., which easily lead to violations of rules and disciplines in the classroom, and there is a tendency to be absent from school and truancy;

  Poor academic performance

  1. Attention is shorter than other children and it is easy to be distracted;

  2. Answering unrealistic answers cannot describe the ins and outs of things;

  3. As the content of the schoolwork has improved to a considerable level, it is impossible to keep up with the learning progress, and the grades gradually decline;

  4. It is difficult to concentrate during the lesson and have a faint understanding of the content of the lesson. Procrastination of homework, easy distraction during learning, daze, attracted by irrelevant things, leading to time-consuming and inefficient learning;

  5. Even if you read the book well before the exam, you will not remember or write wrongly due to distraction during the exam, which will seriously affect your study and exam results;

  6. Always lose things when doing things. If you often forget where your school supplies are located, your learning will be abandoned halfway through;

  Poor self-reliance

  1. Inability to complete structured or targeted activities such as housework, homework, etc .;

  2. Sometimes there is a tendency to be very angry without special reasons;

  3. Poor self-organization and care, often with messiness;

  4. Lack of organizational ability to do the work of organization and rectification;

  5. Some children have well developed muscle motor skills, but are relatively backward in activities requiring coordination such as language skills, drawing, and using scissors;

  6. Persistent sleep problems (waking up frequently during sleep, irregular sleeping habits);

  7. Because of inattention, it is easy to be injured in sports and life because of blind play or behavior;

  Lack of confidence

  1. Under the heavy academic requirements and the high pressure of further studies, students with insufficient attention and mobility can easily be positioned as problem adolescents. At the same time, because they cannot fully exert their abilities, they lose their interest in academics;

  2. Because self-confidence is not strong enough, it often causes various problems and behaviors, and finally feels isolated; because of long-term environmental unsuitability and experience setbacks, loses self-confidence and feels inferior;

  Doing homework too slowly < br A child with inattention does the same amount of homework as the other children, and spends twice as much time as the fastest child in the class; compared with the average student, it takes almost half as much time.

  Unwilling to use your brain < br Doing a problem requires a long time of continuous thinking, and a child with inattention can't think for a long time and often ends up halfway. Over time, they will lose the confidence and courage to overcome difficulties.

  Affects thinking agility and speed. < Br Due to procrastination and inattention, the learning tasks are slightly increased. Such children will feel that they have insufficient time and will be passive in learning, often falling behind other students.

  It can be seen that the impact of inattention on children can be very large, so it is necessary for parents to intervene.

  Improving Method 1: Gaze

  Gaze at a glance

  1. Find something in your room or outside, such as a watch, fountain pen, table lamp, a chair or a flower, about 60 cm away, looking straight ahead, blinking naturally, and focus on this object. The silent number is 60 to 90 times, that is, 1 to 1.5 minutes. While the silent number is being counted, pay close attention to it. Close your eyes and try to outline the image of the object in your mind. It should be described in as much detail as possible, and it is best to describe its characteristics in words. Then take a closer look, and if there is something wrong, add it.

  2. After training, you gradually turn to more complex objects, observe the characteristics of things around you, and then think with your eyes closed. Repeat several times until you see every detail. You can observe the horizon, the color of clothes, the shape of plants, the posture and movement of people, the overcast sky

  Parents should not promote reading with their children. In fact, as one authoritative person said: "Some children learn procrastination because they don't develop good study habits, and more often because parents pay too much attention to their homework and even arrange ghostwriting." Disagree with parents who accompany their children to study, because parents can't help but urge their children not to do so, but to do so. These intermittent language stimuli make it easier for children to distract. At the same time, children will have a strong dependence on parents.

  Parents should not bother and distract their children in the name of caring: one will cut an apple and send it, one will send a cup of boiling water or drink; one will take care to keep a distance, pay attention to protect the eyes, one will remind to wear more Wear a piece of clothing and watch out for a cold; for a while, criticize the child for what's wrong, and then praise the child for his good performance. This distracts the child's attention and upsets him.

  Give your child a clear deadline. For example, you can tell your child this way: You do nt have to worry, but you must finish your homework before eight oclock, otherwise, you ca nt do anything on the weekend. Cultivate children's sense of time urgency, and slowly allow children to form learning rules. With a clear task, your child has motivation to learn to stay nervous. Of course, when children are required to study, they must not take too long, nor can they be required to do the same thing for a long time. These are all factors that cause children's inattention.

  Cultivate children's interest in improving concentration. You can increase your concentration by giving your child a taste of sweetness, encouraging vision, and rewards. For example, when a child finishes his homework on time, parents not only need to praise them verbally, but they can also assist with other rewards. At the same time, you can set up an imaginary competitor for your child, reminding him "whoever takes an hour every night to complete the homework and still have time to watch cartoons or something".

  Cultivate children's self-confidence in improving concentration. Confidence is often achieved through affirmation and encouragement. Have more positive cues, try to avoid negative cues, such as home

  It is said that "our children are not attentive", "our children are always not attentive", and the children themselves (or think) "I am not attentive" and "I cannot concentrate" are very unfavorable to the cultivation of confidence.

  Create a good learning environment for children. Many children are not attentive and are mainly related to the family environment. Parents must keep quiet while their children are learning. Don't let children notice what parents are doing. If parents have maintained good habits of reading and learning, children will be able to catch their eyes. In addition, care should be taken to exclude factors that interfere with your child's learning.