What Is an Estrogen Receptor?
Hormone receptors are a kind of protein molecules. They are mostly present in the cells of the target organ. They can specifically bind to hormones to form hormone-receptor complexes, allowing hormones to exert their biological effects.
Estrogen receptor
- Hormone receptors are a kind of protein molecules. They are mostly present in the cells of the target organ. They can specifically bind to hormones to form hormone-receptor complexes, allowing hormones to exert their biological effects.
- The estrogen receptor (ER) can be located at the cell membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus. The classical nuclear receptor is located in the nucleus, and its protein is temporarily located in the cytoplasm after translation, so it can be detected in the cytoplasm. Estrogen that has spread to the nucleus is triggered after binding to its nuclear receptor
- Estrogen receptors include two major categories: one is classic
- Estrogen nuclear receptor
- That is, the classic estrogen receptor includes two subtypes of ER and ER, and their structures are similar. There are several regions of A, B, C, D, E, F, and J. A / B region has a non-ligand dependent
- Intracellular signal transduction of estrogen includes nuclear-initiated steroid signaling (NISS), which is the genomic mode of action, and membrane-initiated steroid signaling (membraneinitiated steroid signaling, MISS), which is the non-genomic mode of action.
- NISS
- The estrogen-mediated mode of action of the genome is divided into three steps: estrogen enters the cell through diffusion or through the cell
- The tissue distribution and expression of estrogen receptors vary with gender and age. The content and biological function of various receptors in different tissues are also different.
- Estrogen receptor and bone tissue
- In summary, estrogen has many important regulatory effects on the body, such as participating in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, estrogen-responsive tumors and osteoporosis. At present, the research on two classic estrogen receptors is constantly updated, and new membrane receptors are also constantly being discovered. However, there is still no comprehensive understanding of their expression and physiological functions in various tissues and organs. The complexity of the estrogen receptor phenotype research field needs further research.