What Is Clonorchis Sinensis?

Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) Looss, 1907, referred to as Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) Looss, 1907, also known as liver fluke, liver pupa. Adults parasitize in the liver and bile ducts of the human body and can cause Clonorchiasis, also known as liver fluke disease. The worm was first found in the bile ducts of an overseas Chinese in Kolkata in 1874, and the disease was confirmed in China in 1908. The worm egg was found in the ancient Han feces in Jiangling, Hubei, China in 1975, and the worm egg was found in the ancient tombs of the Chu tombs in the Warring States Period in the county.

1. Adults

The figure is long and narrow, with flat back and abdomen, slightly narrow front end, and obtuse round end.

Adults parasite in the bile ducts of humans or mammals. Eggs enter the digestive tract with bile, mix with feces, and are swallowed by freshwater snails in the first intermediate host.

Freshwater snails, which are the first intermediate hosts of Clonorchis sinensis, can be classified into 8 families, 4 genera, 6 genera, and the most common are: Snails, Red snails (Futus snails), and Longhorn snails. These snails are small and medium-sized snails in pits and ditches, and have strong adaptability. ^[4]

The danger of clonorchiasis is mainly the liver damage of patients. Lesions occur mainly in the secondary of the liver

There is no clinical symptom or obvious clinical symptom when the infection is mild.

The unearthed ancient corpse research found that the epidemic in China has a history of at least 2300 years. Except Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang, the disease is endemic in 25 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China, affecting more than 200 counties. The prevalence of infection varies among populations. Provinces (autonomous regions) such as Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan are severely endemic areas. In 1995, Guangdong conducted a population faecal inspection of three cities. The positive rate was 30.3% on average, the highest was 57.3%, and the average of 45 counties in Heilongjiang was 15.7%, but the individual can be as high as 67.8%. The epidemic of clonorchiasis sinensis is spot-shaped, and the infection rates in different regions, different counties, and even different villages within the same township also vary widely. In addition to people s dietary habits, geography and water flow also play important roles. Humans can produce antibodies after infection with Clonorchis sinensis, but cannot prevent reinfection

Patients, infected people, who can excrete clonorchiasis eggs,

Clonorchis sinensis infections are independent of sex, age, and ethnicity, and the population is generally susceptible. The key factor in the epidemic is whether the local population has the habit of eating fish raw or half raw. Experiments have shown that cysts in fish fillets with a thickness of about 1mm can die in 1 second in hot water at 90 ° C, die in 3 seconds at 75 ° C, and 6 and 15 seconds at 70 ° C and 60 ° C, respectively. All died within. Capsules live for 2 hours in vinegar (containing 3.36% acetic acid) and 5 hours in soy sauce (containing 19.3% NaCI). When roasting, grilling, scalding or steaming whole fish, it is not possible to kill all cysts due to insufficient temperature, insufficient time, or too thick fish. Fish infection is more common in adult infections, such as in Guangdong

More than 12 million people in China are infected with liver fluke, most of which are located in southeastern and northeastern provinces. People in these areas like to eat sashimi. Freshwater fish are easily infected with liver fluke larvae, known as cysts. When a person eats "Fish" containing cysts, the cysts enter the human body and develop into melon seed-like adults in the liver and bile ducts. ^[10]

Clonorchis sinensis is caused by raw or semi-raw freshwater fish and shrimp containing cysticercus. To prevent clonorchiasis, oral infection should be grasped. Preventing ingestion of live cysticerci is the key to preventing and treating the disease. . Do a good job in propaganda and education so that the public understand the dangers of the disease and its transmission channels, consciously avoid eating raw fish and undercooked fish or shrimp, improve cooking methods and eating habits, and pay attention to the use of raw and cooked kitchenware separately. Domestic cats and dogs, such as those with positive stool tests, should be treated. Do not feed cats, dogs, and other animals with undercooked fish and shrimp to avoid infection. Strengthen manure management to prevent unsanitized manure from entering fish ponds. Cleaning pond mud or killing snails with medicine in combination with agricultural production also has a certain effect on controlling the disease. ^[10]

The most commonly used drugs for treating clonorchiasis are praziquantel and albendazole. ^[10]

Experiments have shown that dipping does not kill liver flukes

Many people who like to eat fish raw think that when they eat fish raw, they only need to dip the seasoning to kill both insects and bacteria, but they get the opposite result through experiments. The cysts of several groups of experiments are still alive. It is best to eat cooked fish and eat freshwater fish raw to check. Freshwater fish is best not eaten raw. The best way to kill liver flukes is to heat them. It takes only a few seconds for liver flukes to be killed above 90 degrees, so only cooked fish is safe. ^[10]

People who often eat freshwater fish must check and kill insects. They only need to send their stools for examination, and they can confirm the diagnosis of liver fluke eggs. They can also use B ultrasound, CT five and so on as auxiliary examinations. Treatment is required immediately after diagnosis of liver fluke disease. ^[10]

In addition, not only freshwater fish cannot be eaten raw, but also marine fish that have lived in freshwater and brackish water cannot be eaten raw. Usually only marine fish that live entirely in the sea can eat raw. ^[10]