What Is Hypoactivity?

Hypothyroidism is a systemic disease caused by insufficient thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, or poor physiological effects of thyroid hormones. If the hypofunction begins in the fetus or neonatal period, it is called Cretinism; children who begin before sexual development are called juvenile hypothyroidism; and adults who start are called adult hypothyroidism.

Impaired function

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Hypothyroidism is a systemic disease caused by insufficient thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, or poor physiological effects of thyroid hormones. If hypofunction begins in the fetus or neonate, it is called

First, the primary hypothyroidism is caused by thyroid disease, and the serum TSH of patients is increased. Mainly seen in: congenital thyroid atrophy; thyroid atrophy; diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis; subacute thyroiditis; after thyroid destructive treatment (radioactive iodine, surgery); thyroid hormone synthesis disorder (congenital Enzyme deficiency, iodine deficiency or iodine excess); drug inhibition; invasive lesions (lymphatic cancer, amyloidosis, etc.).

Second, the serum TSH of patients with secondary hypothyroidism decreased. It is mainly seen in pituitary disease, pituitary tumor, and solitary TSH deficiency; hypothalamic syndrome, hypothalamic tumor, and solitary TRH deficiency.

3. Peripheral hypothyroidism is seen. It is a family inherited disease. The function of uptake of hormones in peripheral target tissues is good, but the dysfunction or lack of receptors in the nucleus, so the physiological effect on thyroid hormones is weakened.

I. Adult hypothyroidism is more common in middle-aged women, with a male to female ratio of 1: 5. The onset is hidden and the condition develops slowly. Typical symptoms are as follows:

(A) General performance is afraid of cold, dry skin and less sweat, thick, yellowing, cold hair, thinning and dry hair, brittle nails, cracks, fatigue, drowsiness, poor memory, mental retardation, slow response, mild anemia. Gain weight.

(2) Special face The face is pale and yellow, the face is swollen, the eyes are dull, the eyelids are swollen, the expression is indifferent, the words are hoarse, the words are hoarse, and the words are vague.

(3) The heart rate of the cardiovascular system is slow, the heart sounds are weak, and the heart is generally enlarged, often accompanied by pericardial effusion, myocardial fiber swelling after prolonged illness, deposition of mucus glycoprotein (positive PAS staining), and interstitial fibrosis, Called hypothyroidism cardiomyopathy. Patients may have significant lipid metabolism disorders, showing hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperbeta-lipoproteinemia, often accompanied by atherosclerosis. The incidence of coronary heart disease is higher than that of the general population, but due to the surrounding The tissue's low metabolic rate, reduced cardiac output, and reduced myocardial oxygen consumption, rarely cause angina pectoris and heart failure. Sometimes high blood pressure, but more common in diastolic blood pressure. The electrocardiogram showed a low voltage, the T wave was inverted, the QRS wave was widened, and the P-R interval was prolonged.

(4) Digestive system patients have decreased appetite, constipation, abdominal distension, and even paralytic intestinal obstruction. About half of the patients have complete gastric acid deficiency.

(V) Muscle and joint system Muscle contraction and relaxation are slowly delayed, often feeling muscle pain and stiffness. Bone metabolism is slow, and bone formation and absorption are reduced. Joint pain, inability to move, anxiety, exacerbation after cold, like chronic arthritis. Occasionally, joint cavity effusion.

(6) Endocrine system male impotence, female menstruation, and amenorrhea for those who have not cured for a long time. Tight adrenal cortex function is low, blood and urinary cortisol are reduced. Primary hypothyroidism can sometimes be accompanied by autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and / or type I diabetes, called Schmidt syndrome.