What Is Encephalopathy?

Encephalopathy refers to the damage to the neural tissue of the brain caused by heredity, congenital brain hypoplasia, brain trauma, brain tumors, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral obstruction, infection, chemical poisoning, etc.

Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy refers to the damage to the neural tissue of the brain caused by heredity, congenital brain hypoplasia, brain trauma, brain tumors, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral obstruction, infection, chemical poisoning, etc.

encephalopathy Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy concept

Refers to any organic damage to the brain.

In addition, it leads to a large class of diseases such as mental retardation, thinking, language disorder, paresthesia, limb paralysis and even incontinence. Common encephalopathy can be divided into three categories: one is pediatric cerebral palsy caused by genetic and congenital dysplasia. , Mental retardation, etc .; the second is the sequelae of acute brain injury caused by trauma, the sequelae of stroke caused by cerebrovascular disease, etc .; , Brain atrophy, Parkinson's disease, etc.

Encephalopathy types

Throughout all kinds of encephalopathy, the blockage of nerve fibers, which is the nerve information transmission channel (brain road), causes the nerves to conduct poorly the transmission of various information, resulting in the loss of brain nerve cell function, which is the pathological nature of encephalopathy. For example: Stroke refers to the damage, blockage, and breakage of nerve fiber conduction function caused by the blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels, and then degeneration, damage, or death of nerve cells, sensory and motor dysfunction such as hemiplegia, aphasia, etc .; development of fetal brain nerve fibers Can not promote the differentiation and maturation of nerve cells, neonatal ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in cerebral palsy mainly with central motor dysfunction; the number of neurons in the brain is reduced, and insufficient synthesis of dopamine will cause Parkinson's; Information transmission channels-the aging and apoptosis of nerve fibers intensify, leading to the aging of brain cells (atrophy of brain tissue forms senile dementia).

Encephalopathy threat

Encephalopathy is increasingly threatening human health. It is also one of the concerns of the society and the medical community today. According to surveys, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral atrophy dementia, cerebral palsy in children, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma and other encephalopathy and neurological damage account for about 30% of the total human diseases. In addition, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage are also characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, high disability, and high recurrence rate. In China, there are about 10 million new cases of encephalopathy every year, of which the mortality rate is about 75%. The medical expenses of the country and patients' families for encephalopathy treatment are over 10 billion yuan.

Encephalopathy in detail

Encephalopathy

Diseases of abnormal brain tissue structure and physiological function. Those with inflammatory changes are called encephalitis, and those with degeneration are called encephalopathy. For example, if the neural tissue does not see obvious naked eye or histological changes, it shows a series of neurological symptoms called neurological function. Simple encephalitis or encephalopathy in livestock is not common and often accompanied by changes in the meninges or spinal cord, such as meningoencephalitis and encephalomyelitis.

Causes of encephalopathy

The causes are complicated: infectious. Most common. Bovine thromboembolic meningoencephalitis caused by Haemophilus is mainly seen in fattening cattle, showing ataxia, weakness, paresis, and even falling to the ground; bovine sporadic encephalomyelitis caused by chlamydia is common in young calves Cattle, showing depression, high fever, staggering gait, falling to the ground, horn bow reflex and difficulty breathing. Meningoencephalitis due to listeriosis can occur in many animals. Equine encephalomyelitis caused by the virus originates from the spread of insects in the summer, showing high excitement, mild fever, loss of vision, turning and walking, and eventually depression and paralysis. Equine virus rhino-pneumonia can also cause brain damage, softening of gray matter and white matter in the cerebral spinal cord, hemorrhage and yellowing of the cerebrospinal fluid, showing bilateral ataxia and paralysis. Other viral infectious diseases such as horse Japanese encephalitis, rabies, pseudorabies, bovine malignant catarrhal fever, swine fever, chicken Newcastle disease and buffalo infectious encephalomyelitis (commonly known as "four-foot cold") found in China, etc. Presenting certain symptoms of brain disease. Parasitic. Such as brain polycephaly. Sheep and cattle are infected after eating multi-headed roundworm eggs or segment-contaminated grass; roundworms are parasitic in the brain and often cause animal movement in circles, so they are also called "circulatory disease", also known as encephalocytic disease (see roundworm disease) . Equine cerebrospinal nematodesis is also a case (see Spinal cord disease). Nutrition. Brain diseases caused by disorders of nutritional metabolism, bovine brain gray matter softening is common. It is caused by an increase in rumen thiaminase concentration, resulting in a deficiency of conditional vitamin B1. It is more common in fattening cattle, which is manifested as fattening in cereals. Sudden blindness, nystagmus, ear tremors, angled arch reversal, and increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Lactating convulsions are more common in lactating cows who do not give food during grazing or transportation in lush pastures, which is hypomagnesemia. Horses also have lactating convulsions, found in lactating mares and suckling foals, and are hypocalcemia. At this time, the brain tissues of cattle and horses were not significantly damaged, but the brain function was disordered. When chicks lack vitamin E and vitamin A, they show ataxia. The former is due to softening of the cerebellum and the latter is due to brainstem damage. poisoning. It is worth noting: bovine lead poisoning, showing cerebral edema, focal necrosis and capillary thrombosis; horse mold maize poisoning, caused by Fusarium candida and Fusarium toxin of Solanum solani, showing early gray matter softening and late white matter softening ; Equisetum poisoning and fern poisoning are conditional vitamin B1 deficiency, showing softening of gray matter in the brain. Other reasons. Such as brain trauma, is an occasional disease. There is no visible change in the brain tissue of hereditary brain diseases, and most of them are neurological disorders such as epilepsy.

Encephalopathy results

The disease is controlled or eliminated based on the cause based on the diagnosis.

Causes of encephalopathy

Encephalopathy caused by neurological factors

Due to viral infection, physical trauma, chemical poisoning, high fever, ischemia or hypoxia (stroke) and other reasons, the brain nerve cell damage, death, and severe life-threatening are directly caused by the brain. Children with mild cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, etc , Excessive use of brain, long-term sleep deprivation, increasing age, and insufficient neurotrophic substances may cause premature aging and degradation of the brain, decreased memory, decreased intelligence, and changes in mental, character, mood, sleep, and exercise capacity , Severe emergence of senile dementia, Parkinson's disease.

Encephalopathy caused by cerebrovascular factors

Cerebrovascular disease caused by cerebrovascular degeneration or disease, acute onset and rapid occurrence of cerebral dysfunction is called acute cerebrovascular disease, also known as cerebrovascular accident, stroke or stroke, with high incidence and high disability rate And the high recurrence rate is a common disease in the elderly. Because age is an irreversible risk factor for cerebral arteriosclerosis, with the increase of age, the risk of cerebrovascular disease is greater. The older the age, the higher the incidence. The occurrence of cerebrovascular disease is also closely related to environmental factors, climatic factors, dietary habits, etc. Its risk factors are divided into interventional risk factors and non-intervention risk factors. Interventive risk factors are those that can be controlled or treated, including: hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, transient ischemic attack (TIA), carotid stenosis, history of cerebrovascular disease, smoking, alcoholism. Non-intervention risk factors are those that cannot be controlled and treated, and include: age, gender, heredity, race.

Cerebrovascular diseases are divided into cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy and other types of arterial diseases according to arterial injury. According to the venous injury, the thrombosis of the intracranial venous system is mainly, the most common of which are cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral hemorrhage refers to hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma caused by rupture of cerebral arteries, veins or capillaries, accounting for about 20-30% of all cerebrovascular diseases. Under dynamic dynamics, sudden headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, aphasia and paralysis occur suddenly One should consider the possibility of cerebral hemorrhage. A brain CT scan can easily confirm the diagnosis and distinguish it from other diseases.

Encephalopathy symptoms

Symptoms of bilirubin encephalopathy

In addition to bilirubin encephalopathy, which shows severe brain damage, that is, nuclear jaundice, it is more common to show mild brain damage caused by transient bilirubin neurotoxicity.

This bilirubin neurotoxicity is not as clinically obvious and severe as nuclear jaundice, but is transient, reversible, and relatively harmless. It can be asymptomatic, and it is only a subset of brain stem evoked potentials and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical status, even if there are clinical manifestations, are only changes in crying characteristics and behavioral abnormalities.

Encephalopathy Hypertensive Encephalopathy Symptoms

Hypertensive encephalopathy has a sudden rise in blood pressure before the onset of headache, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, etc., followed by severe headache, jet vomiting, bradycardia (sometimes tachycardia), a strong pulse, and difficulty breathing. Or slow down, visual impairment, dark, convulsions and even coma, etc., may also appear temporary hemiplegia, anaesthesia, aphasia and so on.

If effective measures such as antihypertensive measures can be taken quickly, the above symptoms can disappear; otherwise, cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure will continue to increase, which will inevitably lead to irreversible damage to the brain, and patients will have persistent symptoms or limited limbs. Feeling dyskinesia, etc.

Encephalopathy diet therapy

Encephalopathy control energy

Control your energy intake. Eat more complex sugars, such as starch, corn, and less glucose, fructose, and sucrose. These sugars are monosaccharides and can cause high blood lipids.

Encephalopathy limits fat

Limit fat intake. When cooking, use vegetable oils to eat more marine fish. Marine fish contain unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, thereby lowering plasma cholesterol, can also lengthen platelet aggregation, inhibit thrombosis, prevent stroke, and contain more linoleic acid. It has a certain effect on increasing the elasticity of microvessels, preventing rupture of blood vessels and preventing complications of hypertension.

Encephalopathy protein intake

Moderate intake of protein. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve blood vessel elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thereby lower blood pressure. If hypertension is associated with renal insufficiency, protein intake should be restricted

Encephalopathy food

Eat more foods that contain potassium, calcium, and low sodium. Such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp, lettuce. Foods high in calcium: milk, yogurt, shrimp skin. Eat less broths, because the nitrogenous extracts in broths can increase uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver, and kidneys

Encephalopathy salt limit

Limit your salt intake. The daily intake is below 6g, which is the size of a normal beer cap. Proper reduction of salt intake helps lower blood pressure

Encephalopathy amount of vegetables per day

Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat no less than 8 taels of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 taels of fruits every day

Encephalopathy increases seafood

Appropriately increase seafood intake. Such as kelp, laver, seafood and so on.

Encephalopathy digitalis flavonoid effect

Encephalopathy digitalis flavonoid effect one

The British "Daily Mail" reported on May 20 that a new study published in the "Journal of the American Academy of Sciences" showed that the chemical substance digitonin in celery can help patients with brain diseases such as dementia fight the disease.

Encephalopathy digitalis flavonoid effect two

Digitalis flavonoids are flavonoid chemicals with anti-inflammatory effects. Scientists at the University of Illinois have studied the effects of digitalis flavones on brain immune cells microlegia. Animal experiments have shown that the chemical can reduce inflammation in the brain caused by bacterial toxins. An appropriate dose of digitalis flavonoids can be used to treat a variety of brain diseases including dementia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Encephalopathy digitalis flavonoid effect three

New research moderator Dr Rodney Johnson said digiton flavonoids have great potential in preventing and treating neuroinflammation. In daily life, eat more foods such as celery, green pepper and chamomile, which are rich in flavonoids, which have a protective effect on the brain.

Encephalopathy mortality

Encephalopathy

The rescue is timely, and there is a glimmer of hope, but it will be disabled. Onset is extremely fast, so mortality is extremely high, about 90% -100%.

Encephalopathy

Not much to say, brain degeneration is generally terminally ill and can only be supported by brain transplantation. Brain transplantation is a dream of modern medicine, so patients can only wait for death. The mortality rate is 100%.

Encephalopathy

Damage to the nervous system can result in large loss of brain cells. If the life-sustaining brain cells are damaged, it will lead to death. Whether or not to die depends on luck. The mortality rate is about 50% -60%.

Encephalopathy treatment

(A) Congenital deficiency, liver and kidney deficiency: symptoms are manifested as low intelligence, slow response, awkward shape, backward movement development, raising head, turning over, sitting, crawling, standing, and walking are obviously behind children of the same age, drooling, teeth, speech Behind, pale tongue, less moss, weak pulse. Governing method: nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones.

(2) Acquired loss of life, deficiency of spleen and kidney: Symptoms are weak column, weak head, weak lumbar spine, instability, soft mouth, slack mouth, difficulty chewing, slow response, slurred speech, and muscle atrophy , He lie less active, look indifferent, pale tongue, thin fur, and weak pulse. Governing Law: Yiqi Jianpi, kidney and bone strengthening.

(3) Mutual resistance of phlegm and blood stasis, occlusion of brain and brain: Symptoms include limb urgency, unfavorable joints, slow movements, toe to the ground, angled arch reversal, unfavorable language, deafness, aphasia, or limb twitching, abnormal behavior, mental retardation, tongue Light moss and slippery pulse strings. Live stasis and phlegm, Tongluo Kaiqiao.

(IV) Liver-kidney yin deficiency, virtual wind internal movements: Symptoms include unstable gait, awkward movements, tremor of hands and feet, irritability and hyperactivity, slurred speech, hand and foot spasms, abnormal postures, lean muscles, night sweats, five upset fever, Red tongue with little fur or peeling fur, thin pulse. Governing Law: Nourish the liver and kidneys, and soften the liver to quench the wind.

Encephalopathy diet

I. Food choice: Choose nutrient-rich and easy-to-digest foods. Eat more lean meat, liver, eggs, fresh vegetables and fruits. According to the development of the patient's mouth function, gradually change the texture from liquid food, semi-liquid food to solid things. Reasonable feeding and regular ration to prevent malnutrition and indigestion.

Second, diet nutrition

Pay attention to your diet. Take small meals frequently and drink 1 to 2 times a day of fresh saline water to supplement water and electrolytes. Your diet should be a balanced diet with calories, high protein, high fat, high fiber, multiple vitamins, and many trace elements. .

Should also add calcium and vitamin A and vitamin D to prevent decalcification and loose bone. The characteristics of diet should have four major characteristics: "rotten", "fine", "fresh", and "soft".

1. "rotten": food (meat, rice, vegetables) must be "rotten" when cooking, not too big, too thick, too hard.

2. "Fine": Pay attention to "fine" when ingesting certain foods (fruit, soy products, etc.). A variety of (3) fruits can be fried and drunk together so that the fruit particles are small, easy to digest, and easy to absorb.

3. "Fresh": Vegetables are best cut into chopped vegetables and cooked together in porridge. Food should also be kept "fresh" every day to ensure sufficient nutrients.

4. "Soft": Because the child has chewing disorders and difficulty swallowing, the food must be "soft". If you eat eggs, it is best to steam them.

The dangers of encephalopathy

Encephalopathy is increasingly threatening human health. It is also one of the concerns of the society and the medical community today. According to surveys, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral atrophy dementia, cerebral palsy in children, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma and other encephalopathy and neurological damage account for about 30% of the total number of human diseases. In addition, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage are also characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, high disability, and high recurrence rate. There are about 10 million new cases of encephalopathy in China each year, of which the mortality rate is about 75%. The medical expenses of the country and the family of patients for encephalopathy treatment amount to tens of billions.

Encephalopathy related knowledge

Encephalopathy chocolate is good for brain health

According to research. Chocolate is beneficial to heart health and has the function of preventing cardiovascular diseases: chocolate can improve people's immunity while enjoying deliciousness; chocolate reduces blood cholesterol levels, and the stearic acid contained in it has the honor; chocolate contains Both oleic acid and olive oil have antioxidant effects. Now there is a new research result: the new specially formulated chocolate can improve brain function and delay the decline of brain function as people age.

Scientists reported the study at the American Association's Annual Scientific Progress Conference in San Francisco-a component found in chocolate, "flavanol," is good for human brain health. The research was sponsored by a private company The specially formulated liquid cocoa mixture, the results suggest that "flavanol" can increase cerebral blood flow, which provides hope for the treatment of some cerebrovascular diseases.

Previous clinical studies have shown that "flavanol" -retaining chocolates are good for the heart, but the latest research is on the effects of chocolate on the human brain. Some young and healthy women at a university in the United Kingdom have studied brain imaging in order to see if cocoa rich in "flavanol" can help them improve cognitive function in the face of challenging problems. Although the test results did not prove that the experimental drink could improve their performance in the experiment, they found that the cerebral blood flow was increased in 2 to 3 hours.

A study of more than 50 healthy adults in the United States also found that chocolate has significantly improved cerebral blood flow. In order to further confirm the above conclusions, large-scale experimental studies are still needed, but when Alzheimer's disease becomes More and more important today, it is undoubtedly an ideal thing to have a method to prevent and cure diseases in taste and enjoyment of food.

Encephalopathy is good for brain

First, finger movements are good for brain. Finger function exercises can promote thinking and brain puzzle.

Second, massage and brain. Two hands and ten fingers from the front hairline to the back hairline, do "comb hair" 12 times; then press the thumbs of both hands on both sides of the temple, the other four fingers against the top of the head, from top to bottom, from the bottom up to do a linear massage 12 times; finally With both thumbs in the temple, use strong force to do the rotation press, turn clockwise first, then counterclockwise, 12 times each.

Third, enhance mental work. Elderly people should actively cultivate their interest in learning and participate in mental work, which can prevent disease and aging and prevent senile dementia.

Fourth, bath brain exercise. After getting up every morning, it is advisable to take a walk or do gymnastics, play Tai Chi, etc. to get sufficient oxygen to the brain and wake up all kinds of nerves and muscles that are still in a state of inhibition.

Fifth, tonic brain. Eat walnuts, black sesame, peanuts, soy products, corn, honey, seaweed, fish, shrimp, milk and other foods that are good for brain health.

6, abstinence and brain. Abstinence can nourish sperm, nourishing sperm can nourish the brain and refresh the mind, and delay brain aging.

Encephalopathy softens blood vessels

Black fungus: Black fungus with rock sugar can lower blood pressure and prevent blood vessel hardening. Black fungus is often eaten with garlic and shallots to relieve coronary atherosclerosis.

Shiitake: It contains a nucleic acid that can inhibit the production of cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis and brittleness of blood vessels. Therefore, Shiitake has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Honey: It is rich in vitamins C, K, B2, B6, and carotene, which can improve the blood circulation of coronary vessels and prevent vascular sclerosis.

Jujube: It is quite rich in vitamin C and vitamin P. Vitamin P prevents bleeding disorders.

Walnut: Rich in phosphorus, it can nourish the brain and nerves, and it also contains a lot of linoleic acid, which can prevent arteriosclerosis.

Eggplant: Contains vitamin P, of which purple eggplant is the highest. Vitamin P enhances the elasticity of capillaries. Therefore, it has a better effect on the prevention and treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke.

Tomato: contains vitamin P, which can protect blood vessels and prevent hypertension.

Sweet potato: It is a mixture of polysaccharides and proteins. Eating more can reduce the content of low plasma cholesterol, which is very beneficial for preventing and curing vascular sclerosis.

Corn: Contains a large amount of linoleic acid, vitamin E, etc., can prevent blood vessel sclerosis.