What Is Nattokinase?

Nattokinase (Nattokinase for short) is also known as subtilisin. It is a serine protease produced by Bacillus subtilisl natto during the fermentation of natto. It has the functions of dissolving thrombus, reducing blood viscosity, improving blood circulation, softening and increasing blood vessel elasticity.

Nattokinase

Nattokinase (Nattokinase for short) is also known as subtilisin. It is a serine protease produced by Bacillus subtilisl natto during the fermentation of natto. It has the functions of dissolving thrombus, reducing blood viscosity, improving blood circulation, softening and increasing blood vessel elasticity.

It was found in natto in 1980. It consists of 275 amino acids in a fixed arrangement and has a molecular weight of 27724. It has the unique function of decomposing thrombus.

There are too many types of nattokinase on the market, and the price and quality are uneven. Many people do nt know how to buy and how to choose high-quality nattokinase products. You can refer to the following four points to buy.

I. Does the product comply with national food regulations?

Nattokinase is a dietary supplement. According to the regulations of the State Food and Drug Administration, manufacturers must have a "production license", and product packaging must clearly indicate the manufacturer, production address, barcode,

The Japan Nutrition Health Food Association stipulates that the daily normal maintenance amount of nattokinase should not be less than 2000FU. Therefore, medical nutrition experts recommend that the basic dosage of nattokinase for the population is as follows:

1. The daily intake is 2000FU, which is the dosage for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in normal or sub-healthy populations. Most people have a physical reaction for about 7 days after taking the medicine, and they are consciously energetic and their dry eyes begin to improve. Sensitive people have a response the same day.

2. The daily intake is 2000FU-5000FU, which is the recommended dosage for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Most of the body has positive reactions in about 15 days, such as cold hands and feet, chest tightness, palpitation, limb numbness, dizziness, insomnia and other symptoms gradually relieved, 2-3 About one month, the blood pressure and blood lipid indicators gradually approached normal values, and when the indicators were normal, they could be reduced to a healthy maintenance amount.

3. The daily intake is 5000FU-7000FU, which is the recommended dosage for patients with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The subjective symptoms begin to slow down in about one month, and the slowdown is obvious after maintaining for three months. After the indicators have improved, they can be gradually reduced.

4. The Chinese do not have the habit of serving natto with meals. The intake should be higher than the Japanese standard. The daily intake of nattokinase should be more than 5000FU, which is more suitable for national prevention, health care and conditioning. Meanwhile, the half-life of nattokinase is 8 hours ^[3]

Like other biologically active substances, the secreted expression of nattokinase is affected by many factors. Wong et al. Studied the gene aprE, which has a good homology to aprN, and the results showed that the secreted expression of the gene is controlled by the promoter. They used S ₁ to analyze the genes initiation and transcription in vivo and in vitro. Home site, RNA polymerase (E _o ) for in vitro transcription, in vivo transcription uses mRNA isolated from T spore cells, and the transcription initiation is related to adenosine, so the + t site is selected. This method is used by the mRAN sequence Analysis confirmed. The results show that the gene has two start sites for in vitro transcription, separated by 15 nucleotides; in vivo transcription is also at or near these two sites. The downstream site (P :) has a unique d recognition sequence. Moran et al. Compared the d promoter of this gene with the two other d promoters of Bacillus subtilis and compared their conserved bases. Sequence, in a 35 region. P: the consensus sequence of the promoter is 5 bases; the consensus sequence in a 10 region is 8 bases. The two regions are separated by 15 bases. The other two base regions It is possible to regulate the expression of this gene. One is the dyad symmetric region at 35bp upstream of the promoter, and the other is the glycosyl knot site on the mRNA. The sequence of eucalyptic knot site on the mRNA is: AG0 0 A_0 00 U.

In addition. A 105-amino acid protein peptide (pmpeptide) is encoded at 105-336bp of the nattokinase gene, which may be involved in regulating the activity of the nattokinase. Nattokinase expression, like other subtilisins, is repressed by glucose and blocked by many SpoO spore-forming mutants. In addition, Cat A, hpr, and Scoe mutants can increase their expression.

1.Direct thrombus, decomposition of thrombus

2. Activate the precursor of urokinase to make it into active urokinase to act as a thrombolytic enzyme (enzyme).

3. Increasing the amount of cytoplasminogen activator, indirectly achieve the purpose of decomposing thrombus.

Nattokinase, like other enzymes, has its physical and chemical properties:

1. There are 275 amino acids between 20,000 and 30,000.

2. The isoelectric point (Pi) is 8.6 ± 0.3 (svensson kavam method).

3. Stability: ph6-12 temperature is still stable at 60 °.

Nattokinase has a high affinity for fibrin and can directly act on cross-linked fibrin. It has a low tendency to cause systemic bleeding after application. Whether nattokinase can become a new generation of thrombolytic agents depends on nattokinase. Function improvement, such as extending half-life, improving enzyme activity and thermal stability. Because the structure of nattokinase molecule is well known, and the nattokinase gene can be manipulated. Aiming at the shortcomings of nattokinase, the research on nattokinase molecular modification can be carried out purposefully. Hirc ~ Jfi T et al. Used site-directed mutation to make GIC and Cys6 C mutants, and then used computer analysis to find suitable disulfide The bond site, the introduction of the disulfide bond A, improves the heat resistance of the enzyme without changing its catalytic performance. The half-life of the Cys6 / Cy mutant is two to three times that of the wild type; after the introduction of a disulfide bond, the thermal stability is improved by 45 ° C; Transfer the mutant gene into E. It was expressed in coli and obtained higher enzyme activity, and its catalytic efficiency was 2-6 times that of wild type. As a control, they introduced 8 different amino acid residues (Cys, Ser, Thr, Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Phe). As a result, only Var and Leu mutants showed an increase in enzyme activity. Among them, the Leu mutant had a significant increase in enzyme activity, and the other six mutants had a significant decrease in enzyme activity. Dot side chain amino acids are very important for the performance of nattokinase activity, and the level of enzyme activity performance depends on the structure of the side chain groups.

A significant function of nattokinase is to have a thrombolytic effect. Mimugu F et al. Determined the fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase using a blood clot analysis method, and compared it with Plasmin, and found that the fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase is 4 times that of Plasmin; MiLsugu. F. When nattokinase was injected intravenously into a chemically induced synthetic thrombus model, it was found that there was significant thrombolysis, and it showed a higher fibrinolytic capacity than plasmin and elastase. The above research shows that nattokinase shows strong fibrinolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Nattokinase can also activate plasminogen in the body, thereby increasing the amount of endogenous plasmin. In addition. After taking nattokinase in healthy people, the following effects occur:

Obviously shorten the dissolution time (ELT) of Egoglobin;

Increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma;

The amount of t-PA in plasma increased. Due to its safety, stability and good thrombolytic effect, NK may be used as an oral agent for thrombotherapy.