What is a shotgun sequence?

The shotgun sequence is a DNA sequencing method, where the long section of the DNA is physically divided into small (approximately 2,000 bases) fragments that are cloned, seized and assembled by computer analysis. He was developed and made famous for Craig Venter from Celera Corporation. Venter developed a technique in 1996 at work at the Institute for Genome Research.

Venter founded Cera in 1998 with the mission of sequencing the human genome within three years. This goal was in direct competition with the already operating project Human Genome Project, a consortium of universities that together with the sequence of the human genome using an older strategy called sequence based on map or Bac-Bac. This method first included breaking the genome to 150,000 pieces of basic pairs called BAC, compiled BAC OK and then sequenced every BAC.Čkou or its sound, way of breaking the sample using sound waves. The cut is a random process, so the sequence of fragments between them will have some overlap. In particular, the editing does not create 2,000 fragments of a pair of basic pairs needed for sequencing, but rather fragments of the desired size must be cleaned from the mixture.

The next step is to connect to fragments of DNA with a supporting bottom called a vector. This process is known as cloning and creates a sequential library from which the sequence of the entire genome will be created. The sequence of each clone in the library is determined and the computer analysis is used to find overlapping or continuous sequences in each fragment. Assembly of overlapping a "contig" braid, which is a long continuous section of the DNA sequence.

Cloning

Shotgun usually leads to certain gaps between contigys, because some sequences in the library are missing by accident. Gaps can be filledBy creating a new library or using known sequences to extend out of the contig. Since the sequence of the sequence sequence of the sequence sequence sequence, many fragments are sequenced more than once, creating greater certainty that the sequence is correct than if each fragment was sequenced only once or twice.

The human genome was seized as a project of the human genome, using sequence based on map and celery by means of sequencing a shotgun. The shotgun sequence is now a preferred method for other types of genome sequencing. Complete genomes of many organisms such as a plant arabidopsis thaliana , rice, cow, dog, chicken, chimpanzee, rat, mouse, inflated and many microorganisms.