What is the access network?

Access network is part of the telecommunications system that is closest to the end consumer. These networks connect end users with local service providers who then connect them to regional providers, who then connect to various providers, etc. until the user reaches the area necessary to interconnect its communication session. In most cases, the access network for users is invisible. Rather than users directly, the network will charge the companies to which users connect; These companies then turn around and charge users.

Telecommunication systems, especially those in the United States, are a very complex matter. Small local systems are inserted between large exchanges and everything is interconnected via a public switched telephone network (PTSN). Any area can have dozens of different replacement in operation in the same systems. The overall goal of these systems is to allow users to talk about the location or carrier, simple, simple dialby eating the number.

In terms of user, the access network process begins. This system is a physical connection between users and the local switching center. If the access network was perceived in itself, it would be like a giant site covering area and converging in one place. Each cable phone in the area connects to this site and the convergence point is the local exchange carrier (LEC). The Lec then connects to one or more carriers between Interexchange (IXC) to get out of the local area.

The relationship between all these systems is important to users but probably invisible in use. For example, if the call comes and ends in the area of ​​a single LE, it is defined as a local call; The calls that have ended outside are long distance. If the user calls for long distances, it uses its own access network and its regional les, one or more ixcs and lec and access network OSthe insers he calls. All transitions should be smooth, but problems such as weak calls or unexpected disconnection are the result of complexity.

Using all these different exchanges costs money and the end user eventually pays for the time of these networks. Individual exchanges monitor the time spent on systems and are accurately charged. For example, the IXC access network owner and the IXC for calls made by a specific user. IXC, which is what people traditionally call their telephone company, then charge users based on use.