What is surface mining?
Surface mining is a method of mining used to extraction of minerals and metals that are near the surface of the Earth. There are three basic types of surface mining: mining of open pit, stripe mining and refractive mining. These methods are much more economical than underground mining, yet they may have a significant impact on the environment if efforts are not made to obtain land. Cuts are created into the ground and the area at this depth passes around the perimeter of the mine. Once minerals and waste are removed from the cornice, called a bench, the excavation moves on the level and the work begins again. This type of surface mining, also known as mining of hard rocks, is usually used to extraction of metal ores such as copper, gold, iron and aluminum and other minerals. Rock and dirt covering TONE is removed one strip at a time. Once the ore was taken from the first strip, the second strip is cut next to it and the waste from the second strip is used to fill in the first. It continues until ore is exhausted and then the waste fromIt uses the first strip to fill the last.
sand, gravel, clay, granite and other materials used in the building are mined in quarries. This type of mining begins by blasting into the rock in a way to create the greatest breakage. The rocks are further reduced by shifting machines and separated by size. The mining ornamental stone does not fire a rock, but uses a broaching that uses wedges placed in holes rather than explosives. The wedges are hammered into the holes until the stone falls apart.
surface mining can be a cheap and relatively safe method of achieving the much needed resources. Tpo harness caused by the environment, if the mine is not regenerated, but may be quite significant. The problems they face in abandoned areas include polluted surfaces and groundwater, clogged sediment streams, landslides, vapors and unstable soil.
in the United States to establishl Act on the inspection and reclamation of the surface mining of the Office for the Reclamation and Recognition of Surface Mining (OSMre) as the Bureau at the Ministry of the Interior to supervise the reclamation of the surface mines. The primary focus on coal and osmre mining is accused of ensuring that mining is carried out in an environmentally responsible way and that the soil is obtained during and after the mining process. To achieve this objective, they have the power to reject mining rights in areas where reclamation is not feasible.
In the UK, which has a much longer history of surface mining than the US, reclamation is a necessary part of the mining process. In many cases, the mining of a stripudo in areas of unusable land and the reclamation process not only restored but improved the soil. Regenerated land in Britain is used for agriculture, housing development, parks, golf courses and many other projects that meet local needs.