What is amyloid precursor protein?
Amyloid precursor protein, also known as App, is involved in biochemical processing in the brain, which is expected to lead to Alzheimer's disease. This protein is processed in several ways. Some types of processing lead to the production of clusters of fibers in the brain known as amyloid plaques . These create and create tangles that are assumed to kill neurons and disrupt brain functions. Its normal function is unknown. He was widely studied because his processing was involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid precursor protein is an integral membrane protein. It is built into the membranes in the cell, with a part of the protein protruding above the membrane and a smaller piece found below. Many proteases, such as Jan digestion, can affect a wide range of proteins. Others, however, are very specific and break down only specific proteins. Amyloid precursor proteins are cleaved by several types of proteases known as secretases . These types of protease cleave pieces PROtheins that are located in cell membranes.
There are three types of secretions that affect amyloid precursions - alpha, beta and gamma secretase. There is no abnormality associated with alpha secrete activity. However, sequential activities of beta and gamma secretase lead to the production of peptides known as beta-amyloid. These peptides range from 39 to 42 amino acids in length. They create aggregates known as beta-amyloid plaques. These are found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer and some other brain disorders.
The cause of Alzheimer's disease was definitely not proven. However, the Thsou model assumes that these beta-amyloid plaques are responsible for symptoms of disorder. Genetic studies show that the protein of the amyloid precursor plays a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
Thegene for this protein is very complex and is also known as app . Many mutations in this gene lead to AlzHeimer's disease of early onset. More than 25 such mutations have been identified. They were found to be responsible for 10-15% of all cases of Alzheimer's diseases that hit at the beginning of their lives. About 5-10% of all cases of Alzheimer's disease are caused by inherited susceptibility.
There is an effort to block the processing of amyloid precursor protein, which leads to beta-amyloid peptides by limiting the activity of beta and gamma secretase. In particular, one beta-amyloid is more likely to form toxic fibers. It is a 42-amino-acid long peptide that is better than shorter peptides. Scientists have developed a medicine that affects the production of shorter and less toxic peptides of gamma secretary in the hope of reducing beta-amyloid plaques, thus limiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease.