How Did the Solar System Form?

The formation and evolution of the solar system began with a small gravitational collapse in a huge molecular cloud 4.6 billion years ago. Most of the collapsed mass is concentrated in the center, forming the sun, and the rest is flattened and forms a protoplanetary disk, which in turn forms planets, satellites, meteorites and other small solar system celestial systems.

Formation and evolution of the solar system

Thoughts about the origin and destiny of the world can be traced back to the earliest known written records; however, in most of those times no one attempted to link such a theory to the existence of the "solar system" for a simple reason, because It is generally not believed that the solar system we know now exists. The first step towards the theory of solar system evolution is to

Planets were originally thought to have formed in or near their orbits as we see them today. But this view changed dramatically in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It is now thought that after the initial formation of the solar system, it looks very different from the present: the inner solar system has several celestial bodies at least as large as Venus, and the outer solar system is closer than it is now,

Satellites exist around most planets and other solar system objects. These ones

Astronomers predict that what we know today as the solar system gathers all hydrogen in its core into helium, that is, evolved in stars

Solar system along a distance

The time frame for the formation of the solar system was determined using radioisotope determination methods. Scientists estimate that the solar system is about 4.6 billion years old. The oldest known mineral particle on Earth is about 4.4 billion years old. Because the surface of the earth is often

Note: All times and years in this chronology should only be considered as orders of magnitude.

stage	Time from sun formation	event
Presolar system	Billions of years before the formation of the solar system	Previous generations of stars survived and died, throwing heavy elements into interstellar matter, from which the solar system formed.
	Before the formation of the solar system ~ 5 × 10 7 years	If the solar system is formed in a star-forming region like the Orion Nebula, a massive star undergoes formation, lives, dies, and explodes into a supernova. One of the supernovas triggered the formation of the solar system.
Formation of the solar system	0 --1 × 10 5 years	The former solar nebula formed and began to collapse. The sun began to form.
	1 × 10 5 5 × 10 7 years	The sun is a protostar of the Taurus T star type.
	1 × 10 5-7 years	Outer planet formation. In 1997, the gas in the protostellar disk was blown away, and the formation of peripheral planets may be completed.
	1 × 10 7-8 years	Earth-like planets and satellites formed. The big collision began, and water was sent over the earth.
Main sequence star	5 × 10 7 years	The sun becomes a main sequence star.
	2 × 10 8 years	The oldest rock formation on earth.
	56 × 10 8 years	Jupiter and Saturn's orbital resonance moved Neptune to the Kuiper Belt. The later heavy bombing period began in the inner solar system.
	8 × 10 8 years	The earliest known life appeared on Earth.
	4.6 × 10 9 years	Today, the Sun is still a main sequence star, warming and heating about 10% every 109 years.
	6 × 10 9 years	The habitable zone of the sun moves out of Earth's orbit and may move to Mars' orbit.
	7 × 10 9 years	The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy begin a fairy-galactic collision. There is a slight chance that the solar system will be captured by Andromeda before the two galaxies completely merge.
Post-main sequence star	1012 × 10 9 years	The sun runs out of hydrogen in its core, ending life in the main sequence. The sun begins to rise to the red giant branch in the Herodias, becoming brighter (to 2700 times), larger (radius to 250 times), and colder (down to 2600K): the sun becomes a red giant. Mercury, Venus and Earth could be engulfed.
	~ 12 × 10 9 years	The Sun lost 30% of its mass in the post-main sequence phase after the horizontal branch and helical giant branch phase of helium combustion. The asymptotic giant branch phase ends with a jet-planet nebula, leaving the core of the sun to become a white dwarf.
Sun wreck	> 12 × 10 9 years	The white dwarf sun no longer generates energy, begins to cool down and dim, and finally moves towards the black dwarf stage.
	10 15 years	The sun cools down to 5K. The gravitational force of the passing stars strips the planet from orbit, and the solar system no longer exists.