What are the characteristics of chlorine?
Chlorine is an element with atomic number 17 in a periodic table and a chemical symbol of CL. It is green yellow gas with boiling point -29 ° F (-34 ° C) at normal atmospheric pressure and freezing point -151 ° F (-101.5 ° C). Naturally occurring chlorine lies almost exclusively on two stable isotopes, chlorine-35 and chlorine-37, which give it an atomic weight of 35,4527. Other important chlorine physical properties include the fact that it is heavier than air and if it is released into the environment, it tends to collect in low -laid areas. Chlorine is a member of Group 17 of a periodic table, which also contains fluorine, bromine, iodine and astatin, together as halogens. Chemical properties of chlorine are similar to the properties of other halogen elements. It has seven electrons in its farthest shell and is very electronegative; It therefore tends to attract electrons from other atoms, making it a powerful oxidation agent. Electronegativity decreases with increasing atomic weight inHalogen group. Chlorine is therefore less electronegative than fluorine, but rather than broma to relocate brom from its compounds: 2NABR + cl 2 -> 2NACL + br 2
Elementary chlorine exists as molecules consisting of two chlorine atoms held together by a single covalent binding. Most chlorine compounds have an element in its oxidation state of -1, where it receives an electron from another atom; However, in combination with multiple electronegative elements of oxygen and fluorine, it has a positive oxidation condition that can be +1, +3, +4, +5 or +7 for oxides. Oxygen and chlorine are combined directly but chlorite oxides and compounds containing hypochlorite (OCL
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hydrogen gas is easily combined with chlorine to form chloride (HCI); The reaction is explosive in the presence of sunlight. It is relatively soluble in water and dissolves to form a mixture of hydrochloric acid, hypochlorine acid and dissolved chlorine. Ammonia is combined with chlorine to form toxic compounds of monochlomina and dichloramin or highly shock explosive nitrogen trichloride depending on relative dimensions. For this reason, chlorine -containing products containing chlorine cleaning should never be mixed with those containing ammonia. Chlorine easily reacts with many organic compounds and organic chlorides are important in the production of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and as unholy -loser solvents.
Although it is a common element in the Earth's crust, found in a number of minerals such as Halite (NaCl), reactive inChlorine shells are such that it is not naturally not combined in a non -combined state. Chlorine is produced industrially mainly by electrolysis of sodium aqueous chloride. This is also produced by sodium hypochlorite (nocl) in solution, better known as the bull for the household. The element is also a by -product of the production of sodium metal by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. In the laboratory it can be produced in many ways, for example by reaction of calcium hypochlorite.
in the form of chloride ion is chlorine necessary for human life; However, elementary chlorine is toxic and corrosive. It has an unpleasant, suffocating odor and irritating the airways if injealed. At high concentrations, it causes lung damage that can be fatal and gas was used as a chemical weapon during the First World War. Compounds that release a small amount of chlorine are used to sterilize drinking water and pools and are included in various cleaning agents.