What is a Beta Particle?

Beta particle (English: Beta particle), also translated as beta particle or beta particle refers to the beta decay of radioactive material, beta decay is the nucleus spontaneously emitting beta particles or capturing an orbital electron and the transformation that occurs. The decay process of the emitted electrons is called beta decay; the decay process of the emitted positrons is called beta + decay; the decay process of the nucleus capturing an orbital electron from the outer electron shell is called orbital electron capture, and the capture of K-layer electrons is called K capture The capture of the L layer is called L capture, and the rest can be deduced by analogy. In general, the amount of K capture is large. In beta decay, the mass number of the nucleus does not change, but the charge number changes by one unit. The high-energy electrons released can reach 90% of the speed of light (269813.2122 kilometers per second). (Among them, there is no exact data on whether it is 90% or 99% of the speed of light.)

beta particles

Beta particle (also known as Beta particle)

Beta particles are high-speed electrons and are negatively charged and therefore receive electricity.

During beta decay, a radioactive nucleus is transformed into another nucleus by emitting electrons and neutrinos, and the electrons in the product

beta particles

It's called a beta particle. In positive decay, a proton in the atomic nucleus is transformed into a neutron and a positron is released at the same time. In "negative decay", a neutron in the atomic nucleus is transformed into a proton and an electron is released at the same time, that is, a beta particle.

After beta particles decay, protons, electrons, and neutrinos (antineutrinos are also by-products of beta decay) are generated. Beta decay occurs when radioactive materials undergo nuclear fusion reactions. For example, the fusion of hydrogen nuclei in the sun's core will cause beta decay, generate neutrinos, and project them into the universe. Some people now say that neutrinos cause the geonucleus to melt. The beta decay of the sun.

In 1930, the Austrian physicist Pauli, in order to explain the problem of energy loss when neutrons decay into protons and electrons ( decay), put forward a conjecture that an undetectable neutral particle was taken away. energy. The particles were later called "neutrinos" by Italian physicist Fermi to distinguish them from neutrons. Fermi successfully used Pauli's conjecture to successfully establish the beta decay theory, so neutrinos were quickly accepted.