What is Zymosan?
Zymosan is a polymerized chain of recurrent glucose molecules that connect each other to beta-1,3 places each individual sugar unit. It is located in yeast cell walls, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae , yeast commonly used in baking. Yeast is widely found in nature and are easy to replicate in a warm, sweet environment. This polymer is very easy to grow and harvest, so it is cheaply available and is often used as an agent in scientific studies. Receptors similar to tolls are associated with immune responses in mammalisms. In many scientific studies, Zymosan is used to induce inflammatory answers without the introduction of bacteria or other pathogens causing inflammation that could escape the control of the experimenter. Injection of cartilage interstitial spaces into the joints of animals in research can be inflammatory reactions caused in an asterile environment. This induced symptom is very similar to the reaction that is often observed by doctors and scientists whoThey study arthritic conditions, which makes these injections an invaluable tool in studies focused on the treatment of arthritis and similar conditions.
Inflammatory response due to Zymosan exposure is caused by excitation and activation of the enzyme secretion from macrophages - one small part of the path of immune response. This kind of inflammatory response is known as "inflammation caused by Zymosan". Since scientists are often interested in dealing with the disease in their innumerable symptoms, the fact that this component can cause other related conditions, in addition to simple synovial tissue inflammation and secretion of macrophage enzymes, also experimenters in dealing with disease conditions. Protein phosphorylation and phosphate formation are two other effects of zymosanusanus, both of which are often associated with arthritis and inflammatory reactions.
liver damage may also occur after exposure to this model of arthritis induction in combinationwith galactosamine. This type of damage shows that Zymosan has effects on cells except macrophages. Unlike the induction of an inflammatory response in one joint, this extensive reaction in response to the combination of Zymosan and Galactosamine shows that the exposure of Zymosan can affect the whole body.
by the reconstruction of the lyophilized Zymosan and its injection into the joints, where synovial tissue is, the artificial work model for arthritis and inflammation is imitated due to recurring injuries, allowing scientists to study these and similar conditions in a controlled environment. The fact that these reactions can be controlled in terms of severity and location makes this technique a relevant model for studying diseases that cause immune response in synovial tissue and joints.