What Is Abscisic Acid?

Abscisic acid (ABA) aliases: Abscisin, Dormin. A plant hormone that inhibits growth and is named for its ability to promote leaf shedding. May be widely distributed in higher plants. In addition to causing leaves to fall, there are other functions, such as putting the buds into a dormant state and promoting potato tubers. It also has an inhibitory effect on cell elongation. It was confirmed in 1965 that abscisin II and dormantin are the same substance and are collectively named as abscisic acid.

Chinese name: ABA

Chinese alias: (+)-abscisic acid; (S) -5- (1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-yl) -3-form -(2Z, 4E) -pentadienoic acid;

ABA, dormant;

English name: (+)-abscisic acid

English alias: 2,4-Pentadienoic acid, 5- (1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl) -3-methyl-, [S- (Z, E )]-;

CAS number: 21293-29-8

Molecular formula: C ₁₅ H ₂₀ O ₄

Molecular weight: 264.31700

Exact quality: 264.13600

PSA: 74.60000 ^[1]

CAS number: 21293-29-8

MDL number: MFCD00066545

EINECS number: 244-319-5

RTECS number: RZ2475100

BRN number: 2130328

PubChem number: 24890921 ^[1]

1. Molar refractive index: 74.03

2. Molar volume (cm ³ / mol): 221.5

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K): 593.6

4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 51.5

5. Polarizability (10 ^-24 cm ³ ): 29.34 ^[1]

1. Reference value for calculation of hydrophobic parameters (XlogP): 1.6

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 2

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 4

4.Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 3

5. Number of tautomers: 5

6. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA): 74.6

7. Number of heavy atoms: 19

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 494

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 1

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 2

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[1]

1. Avoid contact with strong oxidants, acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, carbon dioxide.

2. Sensitive to light, belongs to strong light decomposition compounds.

3. Exist in tobacco leaves. ^[1]

Overview of emergencies: Causes skin irritation. Causes severe eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation.

GHS risk categories:

Skin corrosion / irritation category 2

Severe eye damage / eye irritation category 2

Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure category 3

Signal Word: Warning

Hazard statement:

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H319 Causes serious eye irritation.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

Precaution:

P264 Wash thoroughly after handling.

P280 Wear protective gloves / protective clothing / eye protection / face protection.

P261 Avoid breathing dust / fume / gas / mist / vapours / spray.

Use the P271 only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

Incident response:

P302 + P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash thoroughly with water.

P332 + P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice / attention.

P362 + P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. If you can wear contact lenses, you can easily remove them. Continue flushing.

P337 + P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice / attention.

P304 + P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P312 Call a POISON CENTER / doctor if you feel unwell

Safe storage:

P403 + P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

P405 Store locked up.

Disposal: P501 Dispose of contents / container in accordance with local regulations.

Health hazard: Causes skin irritation. Causes severe eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. ^[2]

Abscisic acid refers to physiological functions that can cause bud dormancy, leaf shedding, and inhibit cell growth.

Abscisic acid is a sesquiterpene structure

1961 WC Liu and HR Keynes mature from

Abscisic acid is a 15-carbon sesquiterpene compound. Abscisic acid that occurs naturally is an enantiomeric structure, especially the dextran (S) -ABA. (R) -ABA has the same physiological activity as (S) -ABA in most cases. Its physiological activity depends on the following conditions: there is a free carboxyl group, there is an - or - position on the cyclohexane ring

Promote shedding

According to the name of abscisic acid, accelerating the shedding of plant organs is an important physiological role of ABA.

There are different views on the shedding of leaves, flowers and fruits caused by ABA. Addicott (1982), as one of the discoverers of ABA, believes that the effect of endogenous ABA to promote shedding is positive based on a lot of facts. But using ABA

The abscisic acid synthesis site is mainly

There are two main ways of abscisic acid biosynthesis:

Terpenoid pathway

The synthesis of abscisic acid in this pathway is

The physiological role of ABA is mainly to cause dormancy and promote shedding. Treating vigorous plantlets with abscisic acid can cause the same state as dormancy; produce bud-scale leaves instead of expanded vegetative leaves; reduce

Researchers have discovered the latest structural analysis of a key subfamily of ABA signaling networks: PP2Cs, thus revealing a new mechanism for this signaling pathway. Researchers reported the structure of a SnRK2PP2C complex, and found that SnRK2 is strikingly similar to ABA receptor recognition of PP2C. SnRK2 (sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase) is a type of Ser / Thr-like protein kinase that is widely present in plants. It is involved in the transduction of multiple signaling pathways in plants. Plays an important role in the physiological process of adversity.

In this complex, the kinase-active group binds to the active site of PP2C, while the conserved ABA-binding site senses tryptophan, which is inserted into the kinase catalytic port, thus simulating the receptor-PP2C interaction. These structural biology research results suggest a simple new mechanism, that is, coupled ABA can directly bind to the active site of SnRK2 kinase; this also reveals a new rule of kinase-kinase phosphatase regulation. According to this rule, the kinase -Kinase phosphatase regulation is by mutual encapsulation of their catalytic sites. ^[2]

Abscisic acid has broad application prospects in agricultural production, and can produce huge economic and social benefits. To sum up, there are the following aspects:

(1) Abscisic acid is effective for seed germination

Abscisic acid is a key factor that balances the metabolism of endogenous hormones and related growth-active substances in plants. It has the ability to promote the plant's ability to absorb water, fertilizer, and coordinate metabolism in the body. The quality and yield of crops play an important role. By applying abscisic acid, the amount of chemical pesticides can be reduced, and it has important physiological activity and application value in many aspects such as improving the quality of agricultural products.

In addition, exogenous ABA can cause leaf stomata to close rapidly and inhibit transpiration. It can be used for the preservation of flowers or to prevent wilting during the transportation and transplantation of crop seedlings. ABA can also control flower bud differentiation and regulate flowering , It has great application value in flower gardening.

Abscisic acid is natural

Abscisic acid

Abscisic acid should be said to be a product with a very good market prospect. It has broad application prospects in agricultural production and can produce huge economic and social benefits. At present, the domestic and international abscisic acid markets are in their early stages. Industrialized products have gradually entered the market after 2001. The prices are relatively high, the product promotion efforts are insufficient, the market development and expansion capabilities of manufacturing enterprises are not strong, and users in agriculture and related industries Little is known about the application effect of abscisic acid. On the one hand, users have a very large market demand for abscisic acid products. On the other hand, the production capacity and output of abscisic acid are relatively small, and product sales are not smooth.

Now the situation of ABA in the international market is better than that in the domestic market. The United States, Japan and other countries have already known and understood the product of ABA and began to gradually apply ABA in agricultural production. The amount of products is also increasing step by step. . In China, there are fewer industrial applications of ABA, and there has been an oversupply of ABA in the overall development trend. At present, it is an abnormal situation of oversupply.

For a long time to come, as long as the market can be fully developed and product marketing can be performed, whether in the domestic or international market, abscisic acid products will be in short supply for a long time. ^[2]