What Is an Ecology Community?

Ecological community, also known as green community or sustainable community, integrates social, economic, and natural ecosystems. It maintains the balance of the original community ecosystem to achieve Efficient recycling of resources and energy, reducing waste emissions, and achieving harmonious, economically efficient, and virtuous ecological communities. ^[1]

The relationship between the behavior of urban residents and the community's ecological environment and its enlightenment to the construction of ecological community are briefly reviewed. The related research progress and existing problems are summarized, and the next research directions are proposed. The research finds that the current urban residents 'behaviors on the ecological environment and the impact of the community environment on the residents' behaviors are diverse in research methods and scattered in content, and there is no systematic and complete research system to support the research design and logic. In addition, most researches on ecological community construction focus on the design and development of new types of ecological communities. There are few analyses on the ecological transformation of existing communities, and they have not fully proposed appropriate local conditions for different types of urban communities and resources, energy, and environmental endowments Suggestions for building ecological communities. The study also found that even for new ecological communities, the planning of ecological communities and the construction of ecological infrastructure were emphasized during the construction process, the follow-up management of ecological communities was ignored, and the lack of discussion on the innovation of management mechanisms was lacking. In addition, the existing urban ecological community construction attaches great importance to the promotion of a single specific indicator, despise the systematic thinking in the comprehensive construction of the ecological community, and lack the universal ecological community evaluation index system and the consideration and analysis of the relationship between the indicators. Most of the existing community property management information platforms include community environmental sanitation management, and do not incorporate community material energy metabolism, carbon and nitrogen cycle, and ecosystem management concepts from the perspective of community ecosystem construction and protection. 3. Dynamic interactive communication such as calculation, query and planning of ecological environment asset accounting for community residents. The popularization and universality of the current ecological community integrated demonstration needs to be further examined, that is, to ensure that the demonstration has practical application values such as reference, reference, and promotion, and to avoid the difficulty of demonstration due to too advanced technology or too high cost Operability. ^[2]

Some good examples of community planning abroad have brought some new planning concepts to the industry, such as "development right conversion (TDR) and flexible zoning (FZ)." Regarding TDR, JD Simmonds believes that some land and water areas should be protected due to ecological, landscape or other values. Recognizing this fact, the TDR rules allow and encourage developers to move away from land development zones and ecologically or landscape sensitive areas that were allowed during the initial zoning. Good planning must first examine the resources (landscape, crowd, community) and the various human activities that occur during the day. Good planning does not begin with the abstract and arbitrary planning imposed on the community, but rather with the recognition of existing conditions and opportunities. L. Mumford emphasized: The ultimate test of the economic system is not that it produces tons of steel, barrels of oil, or miles of cloth, but that its final product is the quality of the people it cultivates and the neat, elegant, and sound community degree. Regarding flexible zoning, it is mainly aimed at large areas. As long as the built-up area can reach a balanced state again, it does not exceed the regulations and is consistent with the community development goals. It allows free arrangement or further study of land use and traffic maps in the area. ^[5]

Deep ecology and shallow ecology are two ecological ideas with very different properties [3]. For example, in solving pollution problems, shallow ecology usually uses technology to purify the air and water and reduce the degree of pollution; or to limit pollution to the permitted scope by law, or simply import polluting industries completely to developing countries. In contrast, deep ecology evaluates pollution from the perspective of the biosphere. It focuses on the living conditions of each species and ecosystem, rather than focusing on its effects on human health. Its slogan is: Exporting pollution is not only a crime against humanity, but also a crime against all lives.

The same is true for communities. If a community ecosystem can achieve "self-purification" within its own system scope, it will greatly reduce the pressure on the entire urban system and nature. In terms of community application technology, it tends to various intelligent technologies, such as smart communities and intelligent buildings. It has emphasized human-centeredism and pursuit of high comfort. And deep ecology believes that: the purpose of the economy should be to achieve maximum happiness with minimum consumption. Lowering living standards (mainly industrialized countries) is conducive to reducing the confrontation between people and between countries for the accumulation of resources. This claim of deep ecology is quite similar to F. Schumacher's Buddhist economics. In line with this economic model, deep ecology does not pursue the complexity and scale of technology, and is cautious about the future prospects of high technology. It advocates taking the middle road and prefers humanized and environmentally friendly technologies. Appropriate technology and soft energy paths are the main goals of deep ecology. Deep ecology believes that the soft energy road is the only way out of the energy crisis. The soft energy path refers to "resource protection for more efficient use of energy, rational use of non-renewable energy as excessive fuel, and accelerated development of soft technologies for renewable energy production." The technical claims of deep ecology do not mean to return to the past. On the contrary, it requires the development of more human and original new technologies. It can be seen that these new concepts of deep ecology are undoubtedly instructive and useful for the planning of ecological communities. ^[5]

According to reports, the zero survey company once conducted a market survey nationwide with the title "What do you want to own most?" As a result, more than 70% of the respondents chose "health" first.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is called "

The quality of community living environment depends on the degree of urban ecological security, and the bottleneck of urban ecological security is not the restriction of material conditions on development, but the lack of appropriate encouragement and restraint mechanisms that affect humans' use of ecological and environmental resources. Therefore, two sets of parallel ecological and environmental policies should be formulated. The first set relies on and improves the market, overcomes government and market deficiencies, and develops a positive connection between the economy and the ecological environment. It is mainly based on market scarcity to price resources and clarify the property rights of natural resources in order to eliminate improper intervention and promote market entities to save resources, protect environment. The second set relies on and perfects the legal system, overcomes market and government defects, and uses regulations to internalize external costs that damage ecological environment resources and external effects of cultivating ecological environment resources, forcing people to make economic decisions and pursue rapid urbanization. , Consider the value of the ecological environment resources, so that the direct responsibility bears the full cost of the destruction of the ecological environment resources, or enables the person who cultivates the ecological environment resources to get more benefits than from the market, in order to strengthen the intervention to promote market entities to save resources and protect the environment To achieve urban ecological security. In order to further realize the ecological security of the community, of course, in addition to the conditions of urban ecological security, the ecological security of the community also depends on factors such as the quality of the physical environment of the community itself. ^[5]

LEED Eco Community America LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building grading evaluation system in the United States. It was officially launched by the United States Green Building Council (USGBS) in 1998 with the goal of encouraging and accelerating global sustainability by creating and implementing widely accepted standards, tools, and building performance assessment standards. Development of green building construction and development technology adoption.

After more than 10 years of development, LEED has developed a series of evaluation tools adapted to different types and life stages of buildings. There are many research literatures on LEED in China, and LEED is adopted and adopted because of its simple, complete and clear evaluation system structure, which is easy for users to grasp from a macro perspective.

BREEAM Ecological community UK BREEAM

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) in the United Kingdom.

It is an evaluation system developed by the British Building Research Establishment (BRE) in 1990. The goal of the system is to reduce the environmental impact of the building. The system covers the range from the main energy of the building to the ecological value of the site. BREEAM is the earliest influential ecological community evaluation index system, which is committed to reducing the environmental impact of buildings.

"Evaluation Standards for Green Buildings" by the Ministry of Ecological Community Construction

"Evaluating Standard for Green Buildings (ESGB)" is an evaluation system organized by the Standard Quota Division of the Ministry of Construction in 2006 to accelerate the change of the status of extensive buildings. Evaluation of residential buildings and office buildings, shopping malls, hotels and other public buildings.

Eco-Community "Assessment Indicators and Evaluation Standards for Green Communities"

During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the State Environmental Protection Administration launched a "green community" creation activity throughout the country, formulating assessment indicators for the creation of "green communities" at national, provincial, and municipal levels. Environmental construction, environmental management and public participation. The creation of a "green community" is essentially a government-driven, grass-roots-involved activity that focuses more on the management of community organizations. ^[7]

The ecological community evaluation index system is designed to reflect the ecological construction process, level and sustainability of the community. Because of the difference in understanding the concept of ecological community, the evaluation indicator system of ecological community is also different.

In general, the ecological community indicator evaluation system has scientific, systematic, and comprehensive characteristics, including evaluation subjects, indicator frameworks, indicator values, and comprehensive evaluation methods, covering social, economic, environmental, and architectural aspects. Content.