What is Archaeology?

Archeology, a discipline that studies ancient times, belongs to the humanities. It is a branch of history in China, while most other countries in the world belong to anthropology. Archeology aims to study the history of ancient human society based on material data left over from various human activities in ancient times.

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China is the earliest country in the world to germinate archeological thoughts and publish the earliest monographs on the study of antiquities. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period in the 4th century BC, people had a vague understanding of the value of collecting antiquities, even at the time.

The objects of archeological research are physical objects. Mainly material relics, or relics and relics. And these relics should be the life of ancient humans

Archeological restoration

Archeology is a very wide-ranging science that has relations with many other disciplines. It must be supported and assisted by these disciplines in order to complete various research tasks.

The types of related disciplines are generally divided into three major areas: natural science, engineering technology science, and humanities and social sciences.

The term archeology has three main meanings:

The first meaning refers to historical knowledge derived from archeological research, and sometimes it can be extended to books describing this knowledge.

The second meaning refers to the archaeological methods and techniques by which this knowledge is obtained, including methods and techniques for collecting and preserving data, validating and verifying data, and organizing and organizing data

The third kind of meaning refers to theoretical research and interpretation to clarify the causal relationship contained in various archeological data, and to demonstrate the laws existing in the development process of ancient society and history.

As a modern science, archeology has its substantial content, thorough methods, systematic theory, and clear goals. Although there is no universally accepted definition, the world's academics understand the term archaeology in much the same way. Therefore, we can start from a common understanding and consider the above three meanings to define archeology: archeology is a science that studies the ancient social history of mankind based on the objects left by the ancient human beings through various activities. For such a definition, the following explanations and explanations are needed:

Archeology is an integral part of historical science in China. However, the scope of archaeological research in various countries is the ancient historical period since human activities, so its upper limit is the appearance of human beings, and archaeology in various countries has their lower age limit. For example, the lower age limit of British archeology is the Norman invasion (1066), the lower age limit of French archeology is the annihilation of the Carolingian Dynasty (987), and the lower age limit of archeology in American countries is C. Columbus (approximately). 1451 ~ 1506) Discovered the New World (1492). Generally speaking, the lower age limit of Chinese archeology can be set in the demise of the Ming Dynasty (1644). Archeology has nothing to do with the ancient dinosaur era, modern history, and modern history.

In the recent period, Britain has "Medieval archeology", its lower age limit extends to

At present, there are two universities rated as national key disciplines, namely Peking University and Jilin University. Among the first-level disciplines, there are 21 universities with "PhD level 1" authorization in the country, and 21 participating in the evaluation this time; some universities with "PhD level 2" authorization and master's degree authorization participated in the evaluation; a total of 35 universities participated in the evaluation By. Note: The same scores below are listed in order of school codes. ^[2]

Teaching practice is arranged for 3 to 5 months. ^[3]

The archeology major of Peking University is a major with an interdisciplinary nature of arts and science. Students are required to understand and master the basic theory of historical science of Marxism, have a solid basic knowledge and basic skills of the major, and have extensive knowledge of the humanities and certain artistic accomplishments. To conduct preliminary research in archeology, museology, and cultural heritage. The major is to train professionals who have mastered the basic theories and knowledge of archeology and the basic techniques of field archeology. They can not only engage in field archeology, cultural relic management, museum management and other professional work, but also adapt to various aspects of humanities and social sciences.

Sichuan University's archeology major trains compound senior professionals with history, basic theoretical literacy of archeology, basic knowledge, and higher comprehensive qualities. Graduates can engage in archaeological excavation research, cultural relics protection and management, national cultural propaganda, professional book editing, professional teaching and other practical work in the departments of archeology, cultural history, history, culture, and publishing.

Sun Yat-sen University's contemporary archaeological knowledge has been widely used in various fields of human social life, such as tourism, art, architecture, military, history, religion, education, ecology, etc., and plays an important role in modern society. The archeology major explores the processes and results of the occurrence, development, and change of human beings and their constitutions and cultures through the excavation, sorting, and research of past human relics, and looks for the laws of human social and cultural development. This major systematically learns the basic knowledge of anthropology, pays attention to the basic training of field practice, and trains professionals who possess solid basic theory, basic knowledge, skills, and are capable of cultural relics and archeological research.

Jilin University's major focuses on history and archeology. It puts the training of students' field archeological operations and analysis and problem solving skills first. It specializes in training researchers and archaeologists, history museums, and ethnic history, local history, publishing houses and other departments. Practical workers, while also training archeology teaching and research talents for universities.

The archaeology major of the Academy of Social Sciences has focused on actual archaeological abilities and cultural relics identification. It trains students with basic knowledge and basic skills in archeology, high-level professionals with further training potential, and institutions and institutions such as archeology, cultural relics and museums. Senior specialist in archeology engaged in practical work such as research, teaching and management.

Peking University graduates can adapt to the research, teaching, and management of cultural relics, archeology, and related cultural education departments, and can continue to study for masters and doctoral students. This major is a major with a long history at Peking University. Famous scholars Ma Heng and Hu Shi, and Su Bingqi have served as directors of the major. Graduates are distributed all over the world. Many graduates later became famous scholars, or became national cultural relics and archeology. And the head of the museum institution.

Students from Sichuan University majored in archeology and related disciplines through learning the basic theories, research methods, and practical skills of archeology. They understand the current status and development trends of archeology in China and the general situation of archaeological development abroad. Their graduates The employment situation is good, and most of the graduation destinations are cultural archaeological departments, universities and other units.

After graduation, Sun Yat-sen University students are suitable to work in archaeological research institutions, cultural relics identification institutions, museums, cultural tourism and other departments, as well as cultural administrative departments and engage in cultural relic-related commercial activities.

Jilin University is suitable for the scientific research work of archeological institutions of the central and provincial provinces and cities, archeological teaching and scientific research work of colleges and universities, as well as cultural relics management, cultural relics research, archeological and historical editing of the central and provincial and municipal cultural relic bureaus, museums, and publishing houses Work etc. ^[4]