What Is the Difference Between an Antibody and a Protein?

Antibodies: Immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells differentiated from B cells under the stimulation of antigenic substances by the body that can specifically bind to the corresponding antigens. Because some people originally used electrophoresis to prove that the antibody activity in the serum was in the gamma globulin portion, the antibodies were collectively referred to as two () globulins. It was later proved that antibodies are not all in the gamma region; and the globulins located in the gamma region do not necessarily have antibody activity. In 1964, the World Health Organization held a special meeting to refer to globulins with antibody activity and antibody-related globulins as immunoglobulins (Ig). Such as myeloma protein, macroglobulinemia, cryoglobulinemia and other patients with abnormal immunoglobulins in serum and "normal human" naturally occurring immunoglobulin subunits. Therefore, immunoglobulin is a concept of structure and chemistry, while antibody is a concept of biology and function. It can be said that all antibodies are immunoglobulins, but not all immunoglobulins are antibodies.

Antigen antibody

(1) Binding specific antigen: antibodies and other

Antibody is more than 4

The L chain of the antibody is composed of C, V, and J.

(monoclonal antibody,

The main function of antibodies is to effectively remove foreign bodies such as microorganisms and parasites that invade the body, neutralize the toxins they release or remove certain

(1) Production of antibodies in the first reaction: When the antigen enters the body for the first time, it needs a certain incubation period before it can produce antibodies, and the amount of antibodies produced is not much, and the duration of maintenance in the body is also short.

(2) Re-produce antibodies: When the same antigen enters the body for the second time, at the beginning, because some of the original antibodies bind to the re-entered antigens, the amount of the original antibodies can be slightly reduced. Then,

(1) According to the target, it can be divided into antitoxin, antibacterial antibody, antiviral antibody and cytophilic antibody (immunoglobulin that can bind to cells, such as lgE reactin antibody in type 1 allergy, which can be adsorbed on the target cell membrane on).

(2) According to physical and chemical properties and biological functions, they can be divided into five types: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD.

(3) According to whether there is a visible reaction after binding with the antigen, it can be divided into: a complete antibody with a visible binding reaction under the participation of the medium, which is generally called an antibody, and no visible reaction, but can inhibit the antigen and its Corresponding complete antibodies bind to incomplete antibodies.

(4) According to the source of antibodies, they can be divided into natural antibodies and immune antibodies