What is utilitarianism?

utilitarianism is an ethical framework for effective moral behavior. In principle, it is based on the quantification of good in terms of usefulness and attempt to maximize this quantity. The tool is often defined as happiness or pleasure, although there are other variants such as satisfaction of preferences or preferential utilitarism. This framework is often defined as an effort to achieve the largest goods for the largest number. There are also numerous sub -chains of utilitarism with various objections and footnotes on the basic topic. It is a form of subsequent, where the objectives justify the means: if the provisional valley of the negative usefulness must be to reach the peak of greater usefulness, then this doctrine defends it.

Utilitarianism was used as a framework for argumentation for the value of various actions or political philosophies since its first time. People probably had utilitarian ideas for a very long time, but in written records come from the Greek philosopher Epicurus. The beginnings of the modErine utilitarism can only be traced after the British philosopher of the 18th century Jeremy Bentham. He called his formulation "the greatest principle of happiness". After Bentham was John Stuart Mill, who greatly admired Bentham and published the famous short work utilitarianism . Today, John Stuart Mill is most often associated with this doctrine.

In his writing, Mill claimed that cultural, intellectual or spiritual pleasures had a deeper meaning than mere physical pleasure, because someone who experienced both of them would appreciate the former. In his other works, such as the essay of Liberty , Mill used utilitarism to argue for the "principle of freedom", which states "the only purpose for which he can rightly be exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will is to prevent harm."

From the mill days, several variations of utilitarism have evolved. The roofing frame is compatible with a variety of differentCh philosophy. The first remarkable division is that utilitarism and the governance of utilitarism. According to utilitarianism, ACT is examined by a case from the case and according to this it is assumed that it will lead to the highest usefulness. According to the Utilitarianism rule, the moral agent is trying to formulate and act under the guidance of rules that maximize usefulness if they should be consistently followed.

In negative utilitarianism, the aim is to minimize negative usefulness - pain and suffering - rather than maximize positive usefulness, because it is claimed that the negativity of negative usefulness is greater than the positivity of positive usefulness. However, it has been stressed that the result is that we should act to radically reduce or even eliminate it, as well as the elimination of negative usefulness. For this reason, this variation is controversial.