What Is a Baker?

Alan Temkin Baker is the founder of cognitive therapy.

Baker

(Founder of Cognitive Therapy)

Alan Temkin Baker is the founder of cognitive therapy.

Chinese name

Alan Temkin Baker

Alias

Baker

Occupation

writer

Major achievements

Founder of cognitive therapy

Sex

male

Alan Temkin Baker, yes

The basic theories of cognitive therapy developed by Beck have many similarities to rational behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy and rational behavior therapy are both active, guided, time-bound and structured. This is an insight therapy that emphasizes cognition and changes in negative thinking and inappropriate beliefs. The theoretical argument of Baker's method is that how people feel and behave depends on how they structure their experience. His research work is independent of Iris, but the two goals are the same for assisting the parties in understanding and giving up the awareness of self-defeating. Baker and Iris have exchanged views with each other. Baker praises Alice's introduction of the basic idea that "people's beliefs are understandable" and can even convince skeptics to believe that "cognitive factors are a way to change feelings and behaviors" Iris admired Baker's thoughts as extremely clear, and his research work contributed greatly to psychotherapy. Iris has praised Baker and his students for their beliefs about dysfunction and how to change these beliefs to produce curative effects. He has performed outstanding research and collected valuable research data.

Baker proposed a cognitive model of emotional distress. The basic theory is that to understand the nature of emotional distress, one must focus on the individual's response or thoughts to the event that caused the distress. Its goal is to change the scheme of the parties through the idea of automation, and to promote the idea of transforming the scheme (translation: for the word scheme and related research, please refer to the "Social Psychology" ", A wonderful analysis). In practice, parties are encouraged to collect and evaluate evidence supporting their beliefs. Clinical research indicates that cognitive therapy can be widely used to treat various psychological abnormalities, especially depression and anxiety abnormalities. And cognitive therapies have also been successfully used to treat phobias, psychosomatic disorders, eating disorders, anger, panic disorders, substance abuse, chronic pain, and crisis management.

Principles of cognitive therapy

Baker is a psychoanalyst who has been engaged in psychoanalysis for a long time, and he is interested in the client's automated thinking (meaning that special stimuli trigger unique personal thoughts and thus emotional responses). In his psychoanalytic research, he explored how depressed parties project their anger into dreams. He asked the parties to observe these thoughts, which are like reflections and difficult to turn off. And even if these negative thoughts contradict objective evidence, they will persist stubbornly.

Emotionally troubled people tend to make "unique logical mistakes", that is, distorting objective reality in a self-insignificant manner. Cognitive therapy believes that the cause of psychological problems is rooted in ordinary psychological processes, such as flawed thinking, false inferences based on incorrect or insufficient information, and failure to distinguish between fantasy and reality. The following are common distortions in people's processing of messages that have proven to lead to false assumptions and perceptions:

Arbitrary inference refers to an arbitrary conclusion without sufficient and relevant evidence. Such distortions include "coming soon" or thinking about the worst of a situation. You may now think that before you can not be liked or respected by colleagues or parties, you have already started to work as a consultant, or that you have fooled the professors in order to obtain a degree, and they must have seen through you now.

Selective abstraction refers to the conclusion based on some details in the entire event, regardless of the significance of the entire background. The assumption is that important events are failures and deprivation-related events. As a consultant, you may evaluate your own value based on your mistakes and weaknesses, rather than judge yourself on your success.

Overgeneralization refers to the improper application of the unreasonable beliefs of an unexpected event to an unrelated event or situation. For example, if you have encountered a problem with a young person, you conclude that you are not good at consulting young people. You may also conclude that you are not capable of helping anyone.

Magnification and minimization refers to over-emphasizing or ignoring the importance of an event or situation. For example, you may assume that even a small mistake in counseling may cause a crisis or even cause psychological harm to the other party.

Personalization (personalization) refers to a tendency to associate external events with yourself, even if there is no reason to do so. For example, if the client's second treatment does not arrive, you may consider it to be due to poor first consultation.

Labelling and mislabeling refers to determining your true identity based on past imperfections or faults. Therefore, if you fail to meet the expectations of all parties, you may say to yourself: "I am a totally worthless person and I should tear up my consulting license immediately."

Polarized thinking refers to the use of an all-or-nothing approach when thinking or explaining, or an extreme classification in the form of either "..." This dichotomy divides things into "good or bad", for example, you may think that you are not a perfect person, then you are not a perfect consultant; or you may consider yourself a perfect and capable consultant (Meaning that you can successfully consult all the parties), and once you find that you are not all-powerful, you will see yourself as a complete loser (do not allow yourself to make any mistakes at all).

Cognitive therapists will teach the parties how to identify distortions and cognitions that cause dysfunction through the evaluation process, and through the cooperation of both parties, the other party learns to distinguish the gap between their own thoughts and reality, and then understands the perception of perception , Behavior, and even the impact of events in the environment. The counselor will teach the other party to recognize, observe and monitor their thoughts and assumptions, especially those negative automated thoughts.

When they observe themselves and learn how unrealistic negative thinking affects them, they then examine the evidence that supports or opposes their own perceptions and compares automated thinking with reality. This process includes: Socratic conversations with the counselor, homework assignments, collection of relevant information about the assumptions made, activity records, and various interpretations. Finally, they make assumptions about their behavior and learn to use specific problem-solving methods and coping skills. Like rational behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy borrows a considerable amount of behavioral therapy technology. Finally, the parties learn to replace the perception of bias with practical and correct interpretations, and they also learn to change those beliefs and assumptions that distort their experience and make them dysfunctional.

First, let the parties have a correct understanding of the treatment and eliminate the mysterious color of the treatment;

Second, prompt the parties to monitor the ideas that accompany the annoyance;

Third, the use of cognitive technology and behavioral technology;

Fourth, to point out and challenge the parties' thoughts through the process of being in the situation of the problem generating the thoughts;

Fifth, by testing in the real world to check beliefs and assumptions, and to teach the parties to learn some skills to avoid recurrence.

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