What are myelodysplastic syndromes?
myelodysplastic syndromes, formerly known as preleukemia, are a group of hematological disorders caused by blood cells that are non -functional or malformed. When something deteriorates in a human bone marrow, these syndromes can result in. Although there is no treatment, there is a treatment that seeks to reduce and prevent complications and symptoms. A bone marrow transplant is sometimes required to prolong the patient's life. Myelodysplastic syndromes can be present in humans, cats and dogs.
Bone marrow disorders that characterize this group of syndromes cause inefficient blood production. In most patients, the condition is chronic and will gradually deteriorate. Progressive bone marrow failure will lead to a constant reduction in healthy blood cells.
doctors divide myelodysplastic syndromes into two categories according to the cause: those that are not known and those caused by radiation and chemicals. The World Health Organization also divides the Syndromedo Six Subtypes according to the type of affectedcells. Myelodysplastic syndromes without known cause are usually easier to heal. These disorders were associated with tobacco smoke and pesticides, as well as certain heavy metals such as mercury and lead. Men are more often affected than women and most cases are in people who are over 60 years old.
There are few symptoms in the early stages of myelodysplastic syndromes. As the condition deteriorates, a person with these syndromes may notice increased fatigue, paleness and easy bruises. Other symptoms are shortness of breath, frequent infections and small red spots under the skin called petechiae. If any of these symptoms are present and worrying, a medical expert should be consulted as soon as possible.
The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes is usually performed on the basis of blood test results, including complete blood and peripheral blood. It examines blood for unusually shaped blood cells. Bone marrow samplethat be also removed for inspection of abnormalities.
treatment focuses on mastering symptoms and complications such as fatigue and anemia, and preventing problems such as infections and bleeding. Blood transfusions are commonly used to replace blood cells. Medicines are administered to help the body produce more blood cells or suppress the immune system. Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells may also be treatment options, but the risk of complications is also high in young and healthy patients.
about a third of people with myelodysplastic syndromes advance to acute myelogenic leukemia (AML) in a few months or years. AML is a form of cancer that causes the accumulation of unusual white blood cells in the bone marrow and disrupts the production of production. It is the most common acute leukemia in adults, although it is relatively rare.