What Are Vertebrae?

Vertebrae, also called backbone, has 33 pieces. According to their position in the human body, it can be divided into 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, and 4 tail vertebrae. In adults, 5 sacral vertebrae heal into one sacrum, and 4 caudal vertebrae heal into one. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Vertebrae, also called backbone, has 33 pieces. According to their position in the human body, it can be divided into 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, and 4 tail vertebrae. In adults, 5 sacral vertebrae heal into one sacrum, and 4 caudal vertebrae heal into one. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Chinese name

vertebra

Foreign name

vertebrae

Including cervical spine

7 pieces

thoracic

12 pieces

Pinyin

Zhui Gu

Vertebrae anatomy

A typical vertebra is mainly composed of four parts; (1) The vertebral body is short and cylindrical, and the upper and lower sides are astringent, connecting the intervertebral fibrocartilage, and the middle part of the body is slightly thinner, which is the main part to support body weight. (2) The vertebral arch, the part connected to the vertebral body is called the pedicle, and nerves cross to form the upper and lower notches. The upper and lower notches of the two vertebrae are aligned to form the intervertebral foramen. The vertebral arch is called the lamina. The hole formed by the vertebral arch and the lamina is called a foramen, and all the foramen are connected into a spinal canal, which contains the spinal cord. With the role of protecting the spinal cord. (3) Spinous processes and transverse processes, a spinous process protruding backward and downward from the vertebral arch. Two transverse processes are protruded from the pedicle and lamina connection to the two sides to attach muscles. (4) The articular process starts from above and below the vertebral arch, and the adjacent upper and lower articular processes meet to form a joint, forming a spine that runs through the body. It determines the direction of movement.

The vertebral body is anterior, and the vertebral arch is posterior. The vertebral body and the vertebral arch form a vertebral foramen, and all the vertebral foramen form a spinal canal. The spinal canal contains the spinal cord.

The pedicle is composed of a pedicle and a pedicle. The pedicle is the thin and short part of the vertebral arch connected to the vertebral body, and its upper and lower edges each have a depression, which is called the supra-vertebral notch and the sub-vertebral notch. The upper and lower notches of two adjacent vertebrae enclose the intervertebral foramen, through which spinal nerves and blood vessels pass. The plate-like structure behind the vertebral arch is the vertebral arch. There are 7 protrusions from the vertebral arch, and the one behind is called the spinous process; the pair of protrusions to the two sides is called the transverse process; the two pairs of upward and downward processes are called the upper and lower articular processes, respectively.

Vertebral typing

According to different parts, the vertebra is divided into cervical vertebra, which is characterized by a small vertebral body, a triangular vertebra, a short spinous process, and a hole in the center of the transverse process. The thoracic vertebra is larger than the cervical vertebra and smaller than the lumbar vertebra. Heart-shaped, with articular surfaces on both sides connected to the rib head, small vertebral foramen, spinous processes long and oblique downward, transverse processes obliquely posterolaterally, etc .; lumbar vertebrae are large, characterized by no articular surfaces on both sides of the vertebral body, transverse processes The lateral side is free of transverse process holes and articular surfaces. The sacrum is composed of five sacral vertebrae, which is characterized by synthesizing the sacral prosthesis from the bottom to the front and the non-segmental lumbar vertebrae. The dividing line of the five sacral vertebrae is the transverse condyle. The two ends of the condyle are called the anterior foramen, and the median at the back has the mediastinum. There is a hole called the posterior foramen on the lateral side of the iliac crest. The fifth zygomatic vertebra protrudes to the caudal side by two protrusions called the zygomatic angle, which connects the coccyx angle of the coccyx. Process and vertebral foramen, the coccyx corners meet the sacrum.

Common vertebra diseases and treatment

1,23 vertebrae had fractures. Some research data showed that there were 173 cases of single vertebrae fractures, accounting for 76.9%, and 52 cases of two or more vertebrae fractures, accounting for 23.1%. Head, neck, chest, waist, and lumbosacral junction were more common, especially at the thoracolumbar junction (T11 L2) (105 cases, 46.6%). This is related to the relatively fixed thoracic spine and large lumbar spine motion, especially the axial and flexion of the upper lumbar segment at the time of injury, as well as large shear stress at the intersection of roll and rotational violence. A segment is a functional unit of the spine, which is the smallest functional unit that reflects the biomechanical properties of the spine. The thoracolumbar spine (T11 L2) is the site where the stress of the spine is concentrated. Its anatomical structure and physiological function change significantly, and it is easy to damage, especially Most of the fractures are accompanied by nerve damage and cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

2. Because only one joint is removed, the effect of TLIF on spinal stability is much smaller than that of PLIF. In addition, TLIF technology can reduce the risk of tissue damage in the spinal canal due to scar adhesion. The TLIF technology reconstructs the function of the tension resistance of the posterior column and the support of the anterior column through the fusion of the anterior vertebral body and the posterior pedicle internal fixation. The stability of the posterior column is better; and it also avoids the possibility of anterior surgery. Injuries and complications. TLIF is suitable for all segments of the lumbar spine, without pulling the nerve root and dural sac. Through TLIF technology, the rear tension band structure is retained, the height of the intervertebral space and the physiological lordosis of the segment are restored, effectively avoiding intervertebral fusion Device and bone graft move backward.

3. Postoperative discharge guidance: Lumbar spinal cord injury often leads to paralysis of the lower extremities, skin sensation disappearance and dysuria, and complications such as respiratory tract, urinary tract infection, deep vein thrombosis, and severe pressure ulcers are important factors leading to patient death and disability. Therefore, not only must master the professional knowledge, but also a high sense of responsibility, and effectively do a variety of post-operative treatment, nursing science and rehabilitation training can improve the cure rate, reduce the disability rate and improve the patient's ability to live independently.