What is a biomarker?
In medicine, biomarker is a measurable condition that is useful in the diagnosis or prediction of the disease. Examples of biomarkers include those that increase the risk of illness, such as abnormally high toxin levels in the body, and those that indicate existing diseases such as unusual concentration of a particular protein that is associated with neurological disease. Lékaři tradičně používali biomarkery, jako je přítomnost krve v moči nebo vysoký krevní tlak, jako indikaci onemocnění, ale nový výzkum probíhá na méně zřejmé biomarkery, jako je genetické poškození nebo problémy na buněčné úrovni.
Medical experts diagnose the disease through the symptoms of its presence. For example, a person with Parkinson's disease can have uncontrollable tremor and is unable to move effectively. If scientists can look more closely at a person with a disease, except for the level of chemicals in his body and genes that control individual cells, then the signs of the disease should be identifiable.
BiomaRker can therefore add to the tools available to the doctor to recognize the disease. The potential advantage of the biomarker is that it can be present and recognizable for physicians before the disease causes serious damage to the person. Previously, disease detection often increases the condition more easily treated and is more likely to be curable.
genes can be biomarkers if they contain mutations that increase the likelihood or certainty that they develop. Examples of biomarker genes include the BRCA1 gene that contributes to the development of some breast cancer and the Huntington disease gene, a neurological disease that develops only in adulthood. Genetic screening for types of genes that scientists have identified and associated with health problems, who has a defective gene to plan to have children without passing gene.
Many different chemicals perform a function in the body. Normal levels of these molecules may change if the body goes through STresum. When a scientist identifies a certain molecule that changes according to the recognizable state of the disease, it can then be able to create a molecule test that may indicate the presence of this disease. Due to the complexity of the human body, accuracy is a problem, because many molecules perform more than one function and can change with different situations. The tack on a useful and accurate biomarker molecule is therefore a molecule that makes characteristic changes that accurately reflect the disease, or strong enough to illuminate to be practical.
, as well as the symptoms of the disease that are part of the natural functioning of the body, a biomarker can also be a substance that is not naturally present in the body. The level of the environmental time, for example, the person's body in the person's body may indicate how likely the development of a particular disease for that person is. Along with many other biomarkers, toxins can be measurable through samples from the body such as blood or urine. Unusual sources of potential biomarkers,that are less invasive or embarrassing than traditional samples include tears and spitting.