What Is a Precancerous Polyp?

Cancer is a vocabulary with a very high incidence in today's society. It is also an important factor that affects the happiness and harmony of millions of families. Most people "talk about cancer discoloration." In fact, the development of cancer includes three stages: precancerous lesion, carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer. Many cancers can be stifled in the cradle if they can be treated in the precancerous stage. Therefore, people need to know some common knowledge about precancerous lesions to protect the health of themselves and their families. In fact, the so-called precancerous lesions refer to certain lesions that are likely to become cancerous as they continue to develop, such as mucosal leukoplakia, junctional nevus, chronic atrophic gastritis, cervical erosion, colorectal multiple adenoma polyps, and some benign tumors.

Basic Information

English name

precancerous lesion

Common precancerous lesions

Mucous membrane leukoplakia

Histologically refers to white plaques that occur on the surface of the mucosa. Excessive keratinization of the epithelial surface of the mucosa is one of the characteristics of white spots. As a disease, it mainly refers to those leukoplakia characterized by hyperkeratosis and epithelial hyperplasia. Dermatologists have long considered leukoplakia as precancerous lesions, and believe that 20% to 30% will eventually develop into cancer. But now it is found that most white spots are harmless to the human body, and only a few can cause malignant changes, with an average incidence slightly higher than 4%. The leukoplakia of the dermatology includes lesions of the oral cavity and the vulva. The leukoplakia mainly occurs in women, so it is also called genital leukoplakia.

Although the probability of malignant leukoplakia is less, it is ultimately a disease that will cause patients some pain or discomfort. Can mucosal white spots be cured? How should it be treated? Generally speaking, it varies from person to person. First of all, attention should be paid to removing local irritants, such as improving oral hygiene and treating sick teeth. Female genitals should be cleaned frequently and kept clean, while actively treating systemic diseases. In addition, the proper amount of decoction of Chinese medicine, cork and other external washing can often get good results, and the medicine Jieeryin can also play the same role.

In general, white spot disease with simple etiology and mild disease can often disappear after removing the etiology or after simple drug treatment. However, there are also cases in which the drug treatment is not effective in patients with severe conditions, especially local ulcers, indurations or neoplasms, and those who have a tendency to become cancerous in pathology should be surgically removed. In short, the symptoms of patients with white spot disease vary in severity and duration, ranging from short months to long years or even ten years. There is no one medicine or method that works for all patients.

2. Junction mole

It is a brown or black spotted rash, which can be slightly raised, 2-8mm, round, clear borders, uniform color, smooth and hairless surface. It can happen anywhere. The junctional moles that occur in the palms and genitalia are mostly junctional moles. Junction moles are characterized by mole cell activity at the junction of the epidermis and dermis, with a tendency to malignant changes, especially junction moles growing on susceptible areas such as the palms and soles of the feet.

Clinical findings show that some junctional nevus and mixed nevus can undergo malignant transformation under the stimulation of certain factors and become malignant melanoma. Although junctional moles and mixed moles have been shown to be malignant, very few people actually develop malignancies. At present, it is believed that repeated friction, needle picking and other stimuli, incomplete resection, light, electrocautery, corrosive with drugs and its own endocrine disorders may be factors that stimulate the junctional mole or mixed mole to become melanoma.

There are often some abnormal manifestations when the mole is malignant, and special attention should be paid to: the growth rate suddenly increases, and it increases significantly in a short period of time; the color is significantly deeper than before, or the color becomes uneven; the original hair grows and suddenly falls off the mole has a local itching and pain sensation; the surface of the mole is wet or crusted; the surface of the mole has erosion, ulceration, bleeding and inflammation; the edge of the mole is originally clear, suddenly expanding to the surroundings, and the edges are irregular, and The boundaries of normal skin are not clear, or there are redness around the mole; sclerosis occurs in the center of the mole, or tiny pigment spots or nodules are scattered around the mole. If you find the above symptoms or suspect a malignant tendency, you need to go to the hospital as soon as possible for relevant examinations. Pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis. Examination should generally be used during the examination, that is, pathological examination is performed after the lesion is removed along with the surrounding normal skin of 0.5 to 1 cm and subcutaneous fat. If malignant changes are confirmed, then based on the depth of infiltration, a decision is made as to whether extensive resection is needed.

3. Chronic atrophic gastritis

Histology is the atrophy, degeneration, reduction or disappearance of the intrinsic glands and the corresponding regeneration, hyperplasia, and intestinal metaplasia, with or without infiltration of inflammatory cells. It is a common gastric disease, accounting for 10% to 30% of chronic gastritis. Arteriosclerosis, insufficient gastric blood flow, and the habit of tobacco, alcohol, tea, etc., can easily damage the barrier function of the gastric mucosa and cause chronic atrophic gastritis. When chronic atrophic gastritis occurs pathologically, the gastric mucosa shrinks and is replaced by intestinal epithelial cells, that is, intestinal metaplasia; if inflammation continues to evolve, the cell growth is atypical, that is, interstitial; and even cell proliferation causes carcinogenesis. The clinical manifestations of chronic atrophic gastritis are only indigestive symptoms such as epigastric fullness, belching, and decreased appetite. Sometimes due to the destruction of gastric factors, vitamin B ₁₂ malabsorption can cause anemia. Endoscopy and biopsy are the only means to diagnose chronic atrophic gastritis.

4. Chronic inflammation of the cervix

Histologically, the columnar epithelium of the cervical cervix is very susceptible to infection. Under the stimulation of chronic chronic inflammation, the columnar epithelium from cervical canal hyperplasia can develop atypical hyperplasia. If left untreated, some of them will eventually develop into cancer. However, this process of development and transformation is relatively slow.

5. Colorectal multiple adenomatous polyps

Histologically most are tubular adenomas, and a few are tubular villous adenomas and villous adenomas. The surface epithelium and glandular epithelium of adenomas can have atypical hyperplasia to varying degrees. Clinically often: Prolapse of the rectal polyp can be prolapsed outside the anus. Blood in the stool is fresh blood, which is covered on the surface of the stool without mixing with it. Other mucous bloody stools and severe sensations. If there are a large number of systemic polyps and a long course of disease, systemic weakness such as anemia and weight loss may occur.

Generally speaking, polyps that are prone to cancer have the following characteristics: adenoma-type polyps histologically; wide-based wide-pedicle polyps; large polyps with a diameter of more than 2 cm or polyps that grow rapidly in a short period of time. Due to the different nature of their polyps, the recurrence and the rate of malignant change are different. Therefore, it is necessary to review it regularly in order to understand the situation after surgery in time. Prevention: A single polyp can be removed and pathological examination can be performed at the same time; Multiple polyps or large polyps with malignant signs can be performed by anal and anus endoscopy for pathological biopsy to exclude malignant changes; Low or long pedicles can be removed with polyps or straight Microscope, ligation or direct transanal resection.

Once a precancerous lesion is found, don't panic. Take a correct attitude. If surgical treatment is needed, you should be actively operated; if regular review is needed, you should take the initiative to regularly review. Don't worry about your heart and carry heavy burdens on your back. Long-term mental stress can reduce the body's immunity and even promote normal cell canceration in the body.

Therefore, if we usually pay attention to diet, healthy life, early inspection after finding discomfort, and regular physical examinations, we will be able to achieve three early on cancer: early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and truly prevent cancer before it happens Happiness.