What Is Lipid Metabolism?
Abnormal lipid metabolism refers to the situation in which lipid substances are abnormally synthesized, decomposed, digested, absorbed, and transported in the body, causing too much or too little lipid in each tissue, thereby affecting the body's function. Abnormal lipid metabolism is a physiological and pathological process. The main lipids in the blood are cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid (PL) and free fatty acids.
Basic Information
- Visiting department
- cardiology
- Common locations
- Skin, cardiovascular
- Common causes
- Long-term high cholesterol, high saturated fatty acid and high-calorie diet, genetic factors, apolipoprotein abnormalities, mental labor, lack of exercise, mental stress, etc.
- Common symptoms
- Increased lipids are manifested as yellow tumors and atherosclerosis, and decreased lipids are manifested as skin sagging and weight loss.
Causes of abnormal lipid metabolism
- Factors affecting lipid metabolism include age and gender, long-term high cholesterol, high saturated fatty acids, and high-calorie diets, genetic factors, apolipoprotein abnormalities, mental labor, lack of exercise, and mental stress.
Clinical manifestations of abnormal lipid metabolism
- 1. Lipid deposition in the dermis causes xanthomas.
2. Lipid deposition on vascular endothelium causes atherosclerosis, which produces coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary heart disease) and peripheral vascular disease, etc. Most patients are asymptomatic in the early stage, leading to hypertension, arteriosclerosis, Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, fatty liver, pancreatitis, and hyperuricemia.
3. Lipid reduction manifests as skin relaxation, weight loss, etc., which can be caused by malnutrition, infection, cachexia, etc.
Abnormal lipid metabolism test
- 1. Cholesterol measurement Serum cholesterol increase is seen in fatty liver, liver tumors, hypothyroidism, diabetes, atherosclerosis, nephrotic syndrome and so on. Decreased serum cholesterol is seen in parenchymal liver diseases such as acute liver necrosis, cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, malignant anemia, hemolytic anemia, infection, and malnutrition. Cholesterol is abnormally elevated during congenital lipoproteinase deficiency.
2. Triglyceride determination Triglyceride elevation is seen in diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, fatty liver, pancreatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, pancreatitis and other liver diseases. Triacylglycerol reduction is common in hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and severe liver dysfunction.
3. Determination of serum phospholipids The level of serum phospholipids is closely related to cholesterol. The average cholesterol / phospholipid ratio of normal people is 0.94. When cholesterol levels increase with age or dietary conditions, phospholipids also increase. The pathological state of hypercholesterolemia is accompanied by hyperphospholipidemia, but the phospholipid rises later than cholesterol.
4. Serum free fatty acid measurement Under normal conditions, the content of free fatty acids in the serum is very small. Exercise, hunger, and emotional excitement can increase the content of free fatty acids. However, due to the endocrine function, any diseases that affect hormone levels can produce free fatty acids influences.
Diagnosis of abnormal lipid metabolism
- Abnormal lipid metabolism can cause diseases such as ketemia, ketonuria, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, etc. According to the clinical manifestations of various diseases, biochemical examinations and other auxiliary examinations, lipid metabolism abnormalities can be basically confirmed Case.
Treatment of abnormal lipid metabolism
- 1. Remove the causes and incentives, such as reducing high cholesterol, high saturated fatty acids and high-calorie diets, and maintaining proper exercise 2. Treat the primary disease that causes abnormal lipid metabolism, such as diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, pancreatic disease, etc.
3. Treatment of secondary diseases caused by abnormal lipid metabolism, symptomatic treatment.