What is a Recessive Trait?

Refers to descriptive words that we use to describe personal characteristics, such as friendly, cautious, refreshing, competitive, generous, and generous.

Refers to descriptive words that we use to describe personal characteristics, such as friendly, cautious, refreshing, competitive, generous, and generous.

Chinese name

Trait

Applied discipline

psychology

Application range

Personality psychology

Five Traits of Traits

Harmoniousness-a person with a good temper, cooperation, trust in people is easily irritated, weird, and hostile.

Extroversion-People are outgoing, gregarious, talkative, and socially friendly as opposed to cautious, restrained and shy.

Fairness-Responsible, dedicated, able to be relied upon as opposed to unreliable, careless.

Emotional-People are prone to impulse, worry, anxiety and anger as opposed to stereotypes, lack of creativity and boringness.

Creativity-People are imaginative, non-conventional, artistic, as opposed to being sticky, not creative, and dogmatic.

The five characteristics are not ranked in order of importance, but the last one does not play a role in success and satisfaction in the intimacy of interpersonal relationships. The rest are personality traits that affect our socialization and are always present.

Trait Concept

Allport's trait concept

We have already seen that Allbert believes that a complete personality theory must adopt units of measurement that enable "combination of life." In Allport's view, this unit of measurement is a trait. In order to easily describe the various qualities that people may have, Alport and Oldbert carefully examined 17953 adjectives that have always been used to characterize people. However, Alport certainly does not equate traits with names. For him, traits are real biophysical structures. In 1937, Allport said he didn't think so:

Not every trait name necessarily includes a trait, but rather it is behind the confusion of all terms, behind the disputes of various judgments, except for the errors and failures of empirical observation, in each of which explains the constancy of his behavior There is a real psychological structure in your personality.

Allport defines traits as: "a neuropsychological structure that has the ability to functionally equate many stimuli, and that induces and directs an equivalent (always consistent in meaning) form of adaptive and expressive behavior".

Traits illustrate the constancy of human behavior. Therefore, there will not be two traits with the same identity, and everyone's environmental experience will not be the same. A friendly person reacts differently to a stranger than a doubtful person. In both cases, the stimulus is the same, but the response is different because each person has different characteristics. Or as Allport explained: "Also it's all fire, it melts the butter but hardens the eggs."

Since people compete with the world based on their traits, people's traits need to organize various experiences. For example, if some people have predominantly aggressive traits, they are also aggressive in a wide range of situations. Traits inevitably lead to their actions, because people can only respond to the world based on their own traits. So traits can both stimulate and guide behavior.

Obviously, traits cannot be observed directly, so their existence must be inferred. Allport proposed the following criteria to speculate on the existence of traits:

The first criterion of the idiosyncrasy of the frequency of adopting some mode of compliance. The second criterion is the range of scenarios in which individuals adopt this same pattern of behavior. The third criterion is the strength of his reaction in the "preference mode" for maintaining this behavior.

Only by repeating behaviors with the same meaning (stimulus equivalent) followed by a certain range of stimuli with the same individual (equivalent response) can we make inferences about traits and personal innate tendencies inevitable. These innate tendencies are not always positive, but they are persistent even during the incubation period, and they have relatively low activation thresholds.

Traits are not used to be more specific. For example, a person may have the habit of brushing teeth, changing clothes frequently, combing hair, washing hands, cutting nails, etc. However, the reason he has these habits is the quality of cleanliness. In other words, one trait summarizes many special habits.

Traits of Cartel

A : Individual Traits and Common Traits

From the perspective of individuals and groups, he distinguishes between two types of traits: common traits and unique traits. The former is a trait shared by members of a community or a group. Although the common trait is a trait shared by all members, its strength and situation on individuals are different, and the same person also varies with time; It's a talent.

B : surface and root traits

He distinguished surface traits and source traits from the level of traits.

The former are traits that can be observed through external behavior. It is on the surface of the personality structure,

The latter refers to those qualities that have a decisive effect on human behavior. It is inside the personality structure, it is the most important part of the personality structure, and it is also the internal reason of a person's behavior.

Surface traits are derived from root traits. A root trait can affect multiple surface traits. A surface trait is caused by one or more root traits. Surface traits are a manifestation of root traits. For example, a high education (surface traits) is created by a variety of root traits such as intelligence, perseverance, and hard work; and intelligence (root traits) can affect a variety of surface traits such as education, occupation, and hobby.

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