What Is a Tetanus Toxin?

Tetanus antitoxin is used to prevent and treat tetanus. When tetanus or its suspicious symptoms have occurred, surgical treatment and other therapies should be used at the same time as antitoxin treatment. When open trauma (especially those with deep wounds and severe pollution) is in danger of contracting tetanus, timely prevention should be carried out. Those who have received tetanus toxoid injections should be given another injection of toxoid to strengthen their immunity after the injury, without having to inject antitoxins; those who have not received toxoid immunity or whose immune history is unclear should be injected with antitoxin for prevention, but should also At the same time start toxoid injections to obtain lasting immunity.

Drug Name: Tetanus antitoxin

Drug type: Prescription medicines, essential medicines, medicines for medical workers' injuries
Use classification: Antitoxin and immune serum

Tetanus antitoxin ingredients

The main components of this product: equine tetanus immunoglobulin digested by gastric enzymes.
This product is a liquid antitoxin globulin preparation prepared from tetanus toxoid immunized horse plasma and purified by digestion with gastric enzymes.
Excipients: sodium chloride, m-cresol.
Finished dosage form: injection

Tetanus antitoxin traits

This product is a colorless or pale yellow clear liquid, containing a small amount of preservatives, and a long time can precipitate a small amount of precipitate that can be scattered.

- Tetanus antitoxin vaccination target-preventive biologics

Open trauma (especially deep wounds and severe pollution) are at risk of tetanus infection.

- Tetanus antitoxin effect and use-preventive biologics

This product contains specific antibodies, which has the effect of neutralizing tetanus toxin, and can be used for the prevention of Clostridium tetanus infection.

Tetanus antitoxin indication

For the prevention and treatment of tetanus. When tetanus or its suspicious symptoms have occurred, surgical treatment and other therapies should be used at the same time as antitoxin treatment. When open trauma (especially those with deep wounds and severe pollution) is in danger of contracting tetanus, timely prevention should be carried out. Those who have received tetanus toxoid injections should be given another injection of toxoid to strengthen their immunity after the injury, without having to inject antitoxins; those who have not received toxoid immunity or whose immune history is unclear should be injected with antitoxin for prevention, but should At the same time start toxoid injections to obtain lasting immunity.

Tetanus Antitoxin Specifications

0.75ml, 1500IU / piece.

Tetanus antitoxin usage dosage

Inoculation site: subcutaneously or muscle.
Inoculation route: Subcutaneous injection should be in the upper arm deltoid muscle attachment site. Intramuscular injection should be in the middle of the deltoid muscle of the upper arm or the outer upper part of the gluteus maximus.
Dosage: 1500-3000IU per subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, the same dosage for children and adults; for severe injuries, the dosage can be increased 1 to 2 times. After 5 to 6 days, if the risk of tetanus infection is not eliminated, the injection should be repeated.

Tetanus antitoxin adverse reactions

1. Anaphylactic shock: can occur suddenly during injection or within minutes to tens of minutes after injection. Sudden symptoms of depression or irritability, pale or flushing, chest tightness or asthma, cold sweats, nausea or abdominal pain, rapid pulse rate, decreased blood pressure, consciousness and collapse in severe cases can cause rapid death. Lighter patients can be relieved by injecting epinephrine; severe patients need fluid infusion and oxygenation, use pressure boosters to maintain blood pressure, and use antiallergic drugs and adrenal corticosteroids for rescue.
2. Serum disease: The main symptoms are urticaria, fever, lymphadenopathy, local swelling, occasional proteinuria, vomiting, joint pain, and erythema, itching, and edema at the injection site. Usually onset 7 to 14 days after injection, known as delayed type. There is also onset 2 to 4 days after injection, called accelerated type. For the treatment of serum diseases, calcium or antihistamine drugs can be used, and it usually can be cured within a few days to ten days.

Tetanus antitoxin taboo

Allergic test is used with caution in patients with positive reactions, see desensitization injection for details.

Tetanus antitoxin precautions

1. This product is a liquid product. The product is turbid, has unshakable sediment, foreign bodies or cracks in the ampoule, and the label is unclear. The ampoule should be used up once after opening.
2. Detailed records must be kept for each injection, including name, gender, age, address, number of injections, response after the last injection, the results of the allergy test and the response after the injection, the name and batch number of the antitoxin production unit used.
3 The injection equipment and injection site should be strictly disinfected. The syringe should be dedicated, if not, it should be washed thoroughly after use, preferably dry roasted or autoclaved. When concomitant injection of toxoid, the syringe must be separated.
4 Special attention must be paid to the use of antitoxins to prevent allergic reactions. An allergy test must be performed before the injection and a detailed history of allergies must be asked. Anyone who has a history of bronchial asthma, hay fever, eczema, or angioedema, or who is allergic to a substance, or who has been injected with a horse serum preparation in the past, and his immediate family members must take special precautions against allergic reactions.
(1) Allergy test: Dilute the antitoxin 10 times with sodium chloride injection (0.1ml antitoxin plus 0.9ml sodium chloride injection), inject 0.05ml intradermally into the forefoot side, and observe for 30 minutes. If there is no obvious response at the injection site, it is negative, and the antitoxin can be injected directly under close observation. If the injection site appears enlarged, red, swollen, infiltrated, especially those that look like pseudofoot or have itching, it is a positive reaction and injection must be performed by desensitization. If the local reaction of the injection is particularly serious or accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as urticaria, nasopharyngeal itching, sneezing, etc., it is a strong positive reaction, and the use of antitoxins should be avoided. If it must be used, desensitization injection should be used and rescue preparations should be made. Once anaphylactic shock occurs, rescue immediately. People without a history of allergies or negative allergic reactions are not without the possibility of anaphylactic shock. For the sake of prudence, a small amount of subcutaneous injection can be used for the test. After 30 minutes of observation, there is no abnormal reaction, and then the full amount is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
(2) Desensitization injection method: Under normal circumstances, the antitoxin can be diluted 10 times with sodium chloride injection, and it is injected subcutaneously several times, and observed 30 minutes after each injection. For the first time, you can inject 0.2 ml of 10-fold diluted antitoxin. When you observe no cyanosis, asthma, or shortness of breath, and your pulse is accelerated, you can inject the second 0.4ml. If there is still no response, the entire amount of undiluted antitoxin in the ampoule can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Those with a history of allergies or strong positive allergic tests should reduce the first injection and subsequent increments appropriately, divided into multiple injections to avoid violent reactions.
5. After injection of antitoxin, outpatients must observe 30 minutes before leaving.

Tetanus antitoxin pharmacological action

This product contains specific antibodies, which can neutralize the tetanus toxin, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium tetanus infection.

Tetanus antitoxin storage

Storage: Store at 2 8 in a dry place away from light.
Transportation: 2 8 , dry and protected from light.

Tetanus antitoxin packaging

Ampoule, 10 sticks / box.

Tetanus antitoxin expiration date

36 months.

Tetanus Antitoxin Executive Standard

The third part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 ^[1]