What is an Aspartame Allergy?

Aspartame (C ₁₄ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₅ , M _r = 294.30) ^[1] is a non-carbohydrate artificial sweetener. The aliases are Aspartam, APM, Canderel, etc. ^[2] . International code: E951. Melting point: 248-250 ° C. Refractive index: 14.5 °.

Aspartame (C ₁₄ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₅ , M _r = 294.30) ^[1] is a non-carbohydrate artificial sweetener. The aliases are Aspartam, APM, Canderel, etc. ^[2] . International code: E951. Melting point: 248-250 ° C. Refractive index: 14.5 °.

Aspartame is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. See "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2010 edition two pages 1199. Aspartam is also included in the United States Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopoeia. ^[2]

Chinese name

aspartame

Foreign name

Aspartame

Aspartame produced

Exact structure

Aspartame is made from L-phenylalanine (or L-methylphenylalanine) and L-aspartic acid by chemical or enzymatic reaction. The former produces sweet -aspartame and non-sweet -aspartame. The -aspartame and -aspartame are separated and purified. Enzymatic processes produce only alpha-aspartame ^[2] .

Aspartame has a molecular formula of C ₁₄ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₅ and foreign trade names are Nutrasweet and EqualTablets, also known as sweeteners, protein sugars, aspartame, aspartame, aspartame and so on. At room temperature, it is a white crystalline powder. It is sold in Japan under the name " ". Due to its high sweetness and low calories, it is mainly used in beverages, vitamin lozenges or chewing gum instead of sugar. Many people with diabetes and weight-loss people use aspartame as a sugar substitute. However, as high temperature causes it to break down and lose its sweetness, aspartame is not suitable for cooking and hot drinks.

Aspartame found

Aspartame was discovered by James M. Schlatter in 1965. The chemist works at GDSearle & Company. While synthesizing anti-ulcer drugs, he accidentally licked his fingers and found that aspartame has a sweet taste. Aspartame is about 200 times sweeter than normal sugar and contains fewer calories than normal sucrose; one gram of aspartame has about 4 kilocalories. However, the amount of aspartame required to make people feel sweet is so small that the calories contained in it can be ignored, so it is widely used as a substitute for sucrose. Aspartame tastes differently from normal sucrose. Aspartame's sweetness can be delayed and lasted longer than sugar, but some consumers find it unacceptable, so some consumers do not like using sugar substitutes. If acesulfame is mixed with aspartame, the taste may be more sugar-like.

Aspartame nature

Aspartame hydrolyzes at high temperature or high pH, so it is not suitable for foods that need to be baked at high temperature. However, heat resistance can be increased by combining with fat or maltodextrin. The stability of aspartame in water is mainly determined by the pH. It is most stable at room temperature when pH is 4.3, and its half-life is about 300 days. At pH 7, the half-life is only a few days. However, most beverages have pH values between 3 and 5, so the aspartame added to the beverage is very stable. But when a longer shelf life is needed, like syrup for an automatic beverage machine. Aspartame is mixed with other more stable sweeteners, such as saccharin. When used in powdered brewed beverages, the amino group of aspartame will undergo a Mailer reaction with aldehyde groups on some flavor compounds, resulting in the loss of sweetness and aroma at the same time. Acetals can be used to protect aldehyde groups from this situation.

Aspartame main uses

Is a natural functional oligosaccharide, does not cause dental caries, pure sweetness, low hygroscopicity, no stickiness. Does not cause a significant increase in blood sugar, suitable for diabetics. China stipulates that it can be used for cakes, biscuits, bread, mixed wine, ice cream, popsicles, beverages, candies, and the dosage is based on normal production needs.

Aspartame metabolism

Aspartame is rapidly metabolized in the body to aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol. Aspartame cannot be detected in the blood even if it is ingested in large amounts (200 mg per kilogram of body weight) ^[3] .

Aspartic acid provided by aspartame accounts for only 1-2% of the human daily intake. Although the combined action of aspartic acid and some amino acids (such as glutamic acid) may cause damage to nerve cells, research shows that aspartame is not neurotoxic, and aspartate intake through aspartame cannot reach A dose sufficient to produce toxicity ^[4] .

Methanol is metabolized to formaldehyde in the body, and then oxidized to formic acid. The longest residence time in the form of formic acid in the body is considered as the mechanism of methanol toxicity. But the methanol provided by aspartame does not cause serious health problems. First, aspartame provides less methanol than fruit juices and citrus fruits, while fermented beverages such as beer have higher levels of methanol. However, the amount of formaldehyde produced by aspartame is much smaller than the amount of formaldehyde produced by the human's normal diet. Even if aspartame is consumed at the maximum dose, the concentration of formaldehyde and formic acid in the blood does not increase significantly ^[3] .

Aspartame properties

Aspartame benefits

It was approved by the US FDA for dry food in 1981, and it was approved for use in more than 100 countries and regions around the world after allowing for the preparation of soft drinks. The advantages of aspartame are as follows:

(1) The safety is clear. It is classified as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the so-called United Nations Food Additives Committee. It is the most thoroughly researched product of human safety among all sugar substitutes. 19 years of successful experience in more than 6000 products.

(2) Pure sweetness, with refreshing sweetness very similar to sucrose, without bitter aftertaste and metallic taste. It is the sweetener closest to sucrose that has been developed so far. Aspartame is 180 times sweeter than sucrose, and only a small amount can be used to achieve the desired sweetness. Therefore, the use of aspartame instead of sugar in food and beverage can significantly reduce calories and not cause dental caries. .

(3) There is a synergistic effect when mixed with sucrose or other sweeteners. For example, adding 2% to 3% in saccharin can obviously cover the bad taste of saccharin.

(4) Mixed with flavor, it has excellent synergism, especially for acidic citrus, lemon, grapefruit, etc., can make the fragrance lasting and reduce the amount of fragrance.

(5) The protein component can be naturally absorbed and decomposed by the human body.

Aspartame disadvantages

(1) Poor thermal stability to acids and bases. It is easy to hydrolyze in strong acids and bases or when heated at high temperatures to produce bitter phenylalanine or difluorenone. It is not suitable for making bread> 150 ° C, Baked goods such as biscuits and cakes and high-acid foods.

(2) Aspartame can be broken down into phenylalanine, aspartic acid and methanol under the action of human gastrointestinal enzymes. It is not suitable for patients with phenylpyruvate, and it is required to indicate phenylphenylketonuria in patients Not suitable "warning. China approved its application in food in 1986, and it is commonly used in dairy products, confectionery, chocolate, gum, table sweeteners, health foods, pickles and cold drinks.

Hazards of its decomposed ingredients:

Aspartame is broken down into three substances in the human body: methanol (10%) (strongly toxic and blinding), asparticacid (asparticacid (40%)), and phenylalanine ( phenylalanine, 50%). (Brain sedimentation)

1. Methanol (methanol): Methanol is a neurotoxin (neurotoxin) blinding, it is then broken down into formaldehyde (a carcinogen), formaldehyde will be absorbed by a variety of body tissues (English source: West Research on plaques 1 and 2). Formaldehyde is then oxidized to formic acid (formicacid, also known as formic acid) (English source). (Note: Formic acid is a toxin that is secreted by red fire ants or bees. It is protected and attacked by ants biting or stinging).

2. Asparticacid: It is an excitototoxin that can stimulate nerve cells to death (English source). (Note: Aspartic acid in natural foods has molecules that are linked to its protein, so it will not have the effect of stimulating nerve cells to death as in sugar-free soda.

3. Phenylalanine: It is an amino-acid in natural food. However, in the solitary form, phenylalanine can cause seizure and convulsion in up to 15% of people who are allergic to it, and it does not depend on the amount of food (English source, footnotes) 1). In addition, phenylalanine can cause permanent brain damage and even death, especially if you eat a lot or during pregnancy. In a 1972 study, infant monkeys eating aspartame (codename SC-18862 in the report) developed spasms and died.

Note: People with high blood pressure have higher levels of formic acid and alanine in the urine. One possible explanation is that these people drink a lot of aspartame-containing soft drinks, and cause high blood pressure and high levels of aspartame metabolites.

Aspartame safety

Aspartame contains three major components: methanol, phenylalanine, and aspartic acid. As the amount of aspartame in the food is milligrams, the amount of phenylalanine produced by metabolism is also low, and generally does not have a major impact on the human body. Studies have pointed out that because the amount of aspartame is extremely low, the very small amount of methanol intake does not harm the human body.
In addition, some people have questioned whether aspartic acid in aspartame can cause brain damage, endocrine disorders or tumors. In fact, more aspartic acid is ingested from the general diet. So although there are doubts, but because of the low intake of aspartame, it is generally considered not to cause great harm.

The Chinese Ministry of Health, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the US Food and Drug Administration have repeatedly tested the safety of aspartame and fully confirmed its safety. Dr. Tarantino, director of the Office of Additive Safety of the US Food and Drug Administration, stated clearly: "So far, we believe that aspartame is safe. This conclusion was reached after detailed inspection of more than 100 experiments and clinical safety studies. of."

Ralph Walton, a psychologist at the Northeast Ohio Medical College, released an independent survey in 1996 stating that industry-sponsored research shows that aspartame has no health risks, and 84 of 92 independent studies showed it had Health risks. The study was submitted to the 60-minute section and caused widespread concern on the Internet. However, the analysis found that Ralph Wharton ignored at least 50 peer-reviewed security investigation reports, and that the "independent research" he claimed was actually a letter to the editor, a case report, a review article, a book chapter and not Published papers. Aspartame Information Services, funded by Ajinomoto (the main producer and supplier of Aspartame) countered that most of the publications cited by Wharton that criticized Aspartame did not involve Aspartame. Or no negative conclusions have been reached, some have not been peer-reviewed, and some are gossip or reproductions.

There have been rumors online that low-calorie sweeteners like aspartame can cause cancer and threaten human health. However, according to the National Cancer Institute, there is no evidence that there is any relationship between sweeteners and human cancers, and the American Diabetes Association has also stated that it is safe to consume high-calorie, low-calorie or non-calorie sweetener products.

Low- or no-calorie sweeteners actually help control and maintain weight. A trial of more than 1,000 adults showed that people who ate low-calorie sugar-free foods and beverages had better quality diets, and they got more vitamins and minerals while consuming less calories. And the diet is healthier.

Low- or no-calorie sweeteners help control and maintain weight. A trial of more than 1,000 adults showed that people who ate low-calorie sugar-free foods and beverages had better quality diets. After more than 200 scientific experiments, aspartame has been proven to be a very safe low-calorie sweetener. The sweetener has been used for more than 20 years and is approved for use in more than 100 countries around the world. The comprehensive testing of its safety by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) once again confirmed the safety of aspartame. However, aspartame contains phenylalanine, so people with phenylpyruvate should not eat the sweetener, and this disease is rare.

Aspartame compatibility taboo

Differential scanning calorimetry tests performed with some directly compressed excipients have shown that aspartame is contraindicated with calcium hydrogen phosphate and magnesium stearate. Aspartame and sugar alcohols interact with each other.

Aspartame use

Aspartame sugar substitute

Aspartame is a sugar substitute approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and is also approved for sale in China. The safe dose of aspartame is not more than 50 mg per kilogram of body weight. But because aspartame contains amphetamine

Aspartame powder

Acid, so patients with phenylketonurics (PKU) are not suitable for use, because phenylalanine cannot be metabolized and there is a risk of lack of intelligence. And pregnant women are best not to use it. In addition, there have been reports that some people may have aspartame intolerance, so after eating aspartame products, they may experience headaches, convulsions, nausea or allergic reactions, so it is recommended to have aspartame People with sweet intolerance should also avoid it.

The use of aspartame caused widespread controversy in the early days. Studies have found that the possibility of aspartame-induced serious consequences such as brain tumors, brain damage, and lymphoma cannot be ruled out. These findings have obvious conflicts of interest with the companies that make aspartame, and have caused a lot of controversy during the approval process. The FDA has therefore not approved the addition of aspartame to food for several years. Until 1983, the US Food and Drug Administration gradually relaxed restrictions on the use of aspartame, and until 1996 all restrictions were lifted. However, the US Food and Drug Administration also acknowledges that the body can experience 92 different symptoms (including death) during absorption of aspartame. Japan has also adopted aspartame as a food additive since 1983.

Aspartame sales

Aspartame has annual sales of up to one billion US dollars and is used in thousands of products, including vitamins and calcium tablets for children. Coca-Cola Company's Diet Coke and the newly listed Zero Coca-Cola both use aspartame as a sweetener, and some restaurants offer aspartame for guests to choose from.

Aspartame controversy

Aspartame safety test

In the spring of 1967, GDSearle began safety testing of aspartame.

In the fall of 1967, Dr. Harold Waisman fed 7 infant monkeys with aspartame-fed milk and died of 1 and 5 seizures.

In 1970, a report by Dr. John Olney pointed out that aspartame is a major hazard to the human body. GDSearle researcher Dr. Olney came out to confirm the results.

In 1974, aspartame was licensed for use in dried fruits.

In 1975, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) organized a special investigation team to re-examine previous experiments submitted by GDSearle. It is suspected that its experimental result was "manipulated".

Aspartame disabled

After investigation, in 1977, the FDA requested the U.S. Attorney's Office to file a lawsuit against GDSearle for "GDSearle intentionally misrepresented the facts discovered during Aspartan's security experiments, concealed the material facts and made false statements" . Soon, GDSearle hired U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as CEO, and the trial was delayed twice after the chief prosecutor was hired by a law firm representing GDSearle. As a result, the statute of limitations of this allegation expired and the prosecution was terminated.

Aspartame use

Since then, the FDA has refused to approve the use of aspartame as a sugar substitute. Until President Reagan took office, he fired disapproved FDA members, established an investigation team to decide whether to allow the use, and appointed Donald Rumsfeld's friend, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, as the FDA co-captain. Shortly after the investigation team was established, aspartame was approved for use in beverages containing carbon dioxide. In fact, many members opposed it at the time, but Dr. Hayes rejected his own investigation team's decision and firmly approved the use of aspartame. After deciding that Aspartame could be used as a sugar substitute, Dr. Hayes was removed by the media after declaring the benefits and transferred to GDSearle. Aspartame was invented by GDSearle and has at least 70 aspartame Production patents.

Since 1988, many aviation safety newspapers around the world have issued warnings that pagers should not take aspartame before flight. Refers to a variety of symptoms such as a sudden decrease in vision, blurred vision, sudden darkness, and spasms after the pilot took aspartame. In 1995, New Hampshire (Stoddard) pilots had a seizure in the cockpit after eating aspartame. At least 5 American Airlines pilots died after eating aspartame. Among them: 1 person was on the flight, 1 person drank sugar-free soda, Some pilots lost their flight licenses due to convulsions caused by aspartame.

In 1991, the National Institutes of Health issued a warning about the toxicity of aspartame and attached 167 harms.

In 1992, the U.S. Air Force warned its pilots not to fly after taking aspartame.

In 1994, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released details of 88 symptoms caused by aspartame toxicity. Here are some of the diseases that the department believes are caused or triggered by this additive: modern defects, depression, mental retardation, Chronic fatigue, brain tumors, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

In 1994, the American Diabetes Association and some companies established the National Justice League to file a lawsuit against GDSearle (Case No: C043872), including:

* Donald Rumsfeld uses his own political capital and methods to get FDA approval for aspartame

* GDSearle destroys a record of research that was detrimental to it in 1983/84

* Unfair competition, false advertising, fraud, breach of warranty, breach of marketability

* And on behalf of a U.S. consumer class-action lawsuit that has caused permanent harm as a result of consuming aspartame, claiming a total of $ 350 million in compensation

Aspartame stand

The US Food and Drug Administration FDA described aspartame as "one of the most thoroughly studied food additives" and its safety "is beyond doubt". There are some online rumors spreading by email that aspartame may cause multiple diseases, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation has shown that there is no epidemiological evidence to verify that aspartame can cause Serious injury or serious risk. ^[5]

Status of Aspartame International

The Pentagon even used this "sugar substitute" as a raw material for defensive biochemical weapons. In the 21st century, it was widely used in food production in the United States and 70 other countries. . So what is the secret that it can survive? British toxicologist Paula Bailey-Hamilton bluntly stated her speculation: "Nothing is more useful than a billowing bill." In her opinion, food merchants are profitable and can draw political backers. However, the legislative system has only been compromised by them playing with each other.

Another reason that aspartame can continue to be used is that the results of scientific experiments on its harm are contradictory, making it difficult for ordinary people to understand. GDSearle, Monsanto, and other laboratories in the industry have concluded that aspartame is safe.

However, independent scientists often find it harmful to health after research.

Aspartame contradictions, research

Ralph Walton, director of the Behavioral Medicine Center at the Northeast Ohio Medical College, studied these conflicting trial results and found that in the past few decades, 83 items have not been funded by the aspartame industry Test projects have shown that using this artificial sweetener is not good for human health.

Another irony is that these sweeteners in foods were originally added for weight loss, but when absorbed by the body, they can promote fat growth. A cancer association in the United States conducted a follow-up study of 8,000 women for 6 years and concluded that "of women who have gained weight, women who have consumed artificial sweeteners have gained more weight than those who have never consumed it." One possibility is that these synthetic chemicals affect the body's hormones and weaken our own body weight regulation system. They slow down metabolism but increase appetite.

On the contrary, in order to achieve the purpose of market monopoly, the FDA banned the replacement of aspartame with natural sweeteners. Stevia, a natural sweetener from South America, not only contains no calories and is good for health, but it is buried by bureaucrats. According to Japanese research, this stevia has an effect on inhibiting oral bacteria. There are also clinical studies that have found that this stevia does not cause blood sugar fluctuations, and also has a therapeutic effect that lowers human blood sugar and increases glucose content, helping to soothe. Heart disease, hypertension, heartburn and hypouric acid. And this stevia is safe for hundreds of years in South America. However, in 1994, when all research confirmed the benefits of stevia and found no harm, the FDA did not have sufficient evidence to prove that stevia was safe to eat, and received a report from a company complaining that natural herbal tea was not Stevia was used with permission, but the FDA declined to name the reporting company (some believe it was a sugar substitute company). Stevia is banned and called "unsafe food additives."

To make matters worse, on June 27, 1996, the public was not notified that the FDA removed all restrictions on aspartame and allowed it to be used on anything, including all heated and grilled foods. Because it not only loses its sweetness after heating, but also hurts the body even more.

Aspartame Terms of Use

Aspartame UK

International Online News, October 20, 2006: A member of the British House of Commons recently proposed that aspartame, an artificial sweetener contained in more than 6,000 foods, beverages and drugs, should be banned because There is very "reliable and persuasive" evidence that it can cause cancer.

According to the British "Daily Mail" reported on December 15, this controversial sweetener can be found in many popular foods such as cola, cereals and chocolate in the early 21st century. In July 2006, a study published by Italian scientists stated that animal experiments proved that aspartame can cause cancer in mice. However, some people believe that the claim that it can cause cancer in people lacks scientific basis.

The use of aspartame caused widespread controversy in the early days. Some studies have found that the possibility of severe consequences such as brain tumors and brain damage cannot be ruled out. Therefore, at that time, the US Food and Drug Administration did not adopt aspartame in food. Until 1983, after referring to more experimental results, the US Food and Drug Administration gradually relaxed the restrictions on the use of aspartame, until 1996, all restrictions were finally lifted. But Japan has adopted aspartame as a food additive since 1983. Because the chemical structure contains phenylalanine in amino acids, patients with ketonuria cannot metabolize this amino acid, and patients with this disease must avoid exposure to aspartame.

A few days ago, Roger Williams, a member of the Special Committee on Food and Environment of the British Parliament and a member of the lower house of the Liberal Democratic Party, called for any food and beverages containing aspartame to be removed. He said: "There is sufficient scientific evidence to prove that the constituents and metabolites of aspartame can have very serious toxic effects on the human body." On the evening of December 14, 2006, some scientists in related fields also tested William. This proposal from Sri Lanka supports the idea that products containing aspartame should be taken off the shelves.

Aspartame China

In 2008, Internet rumors said that Aspartame contained in Coca-Cola Zero is harmful to the body and may even cause cancer. In response, NetEase Finance contacted Luo Yunbo, Dean of the School of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University. Professor Luo Yunbo said that aspartame is a regular food additive approved for use by the Chinese government, and there will be no major problems in safety. China has not found any cases of aspartame that cause harm to humans or cause cancer in 2008.

In March 2008, in order to expand its carbonated beverages in the Chinese market, Coca-Cola announced the launch of a new sugar-free carbonated beverage in the Chinese market-"Zero Coca-Cola". Subsequently, questions about the aspartame ingredient in Coca-Cola Zero may cause migraines and even carcinogens were spread on major websites and forums.

"Aspartame is a sugar substitute approved for use in a number of countries, including the United States, and was approved for use in food in China in 1986. It is a regular food additive." Professor Luo Yunbo said that aspartame is used It is widely used in dairy products, confectionery, chocolate, gum, etc.

Regarding netizens' hot discussions, aspartame will over-stimulate the nerves and cause migraine headaches, Professor Luo Yunbo said that it cannot be said that aspartame is harmful, but it cannot be said that it is not harmful at all. The academic community has been controversial about the side effects of aspartame, and there are still experiments in 2008. From the research of the academic circle, there have been no cases found that the use of aspartame caused harm or carcinogenesis to the human body.

Professor Luo Yunbo said that it is good for everyone to pay attention to food safety.

Aspartame dosage

The European Commission for Food Science limits the daily intake of aspartame to 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limits it to 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. A can of 355 ml sugar-free cola contains about 180 mg. For an adult male weighing 75 kg, about 21 cans (7.3 liters) of sugar-free cola are needed to reach the FDA's 50 mg per kg body weight limit. ^[6]

Aspartame health issues

analysis

Defenders of aspartame say that aspartame is mainly synthesized from aspartic acid and phenylalanine. These two amino acids are essential elements of the human body, and the content of phenylalanine in aspartame is very small. If you want to produce mental disorders caused by congenital metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria, that degree is to drink No amount of aspartame can be reached.

Although these two kinds of amino acids are also combined in daily food, they are not in a free state, but they are dependent on other proteins. After digestion by the body, they balance each other and affect the mildness. Will severely stimulate neurons and cause damage.

According to research, whether phenylalanine is deficient or excessive, it will negatively affect the brain's chemical environment, so it does not require too high a concentration to cause brain dysfunction. The concentration of phenylalanine in the blood and brain may only need to be far below the level associated with phenylketonuria to have a neurological effect. This hypothesis is based on the fact that an elevated phenylalanine concentration reduces the concentration of normal neurotransmitters (serotonin), affects behavior and mood, and even causes spasms. Spasticity and other psychological symptoms commonly associated with aspartame ingestion are not caused by the high concentration of phenylalanine caused by excessive intake of phenylalanine, but by the reduced serotonin caused by it. Some people may be sensitive to such subtle changes in brain nutrition and more likely to react strongly.

Another component of aspartame, "aspartic acid", is a non-essential amino acid synthesized from glutamate, which is the main excitatory conduction substance in the brain. Phenylalanine reduces the concentration of the soothing neurotransmitter "serotonin", while aspartic acid fuels the fire and further stimulates the brain.

Another problem is that aspartame is broken down by chymotrypsin in the small intestine to produce methanol, phenylalanine, and aspartic acid, and continued to metabolize to formaldehyde, formic acid and a diketopiperazine. 1000 ml of aspartame beverage can produce about 56mg of methanol, and 1 can of aspartame beverage can produce about 22.4mg of methanol. Methanol is a toxic substance, and it is easily absorbed, but difficult to excrete from the body. The Environmental Protection Agency recommends that the daily intake should not exceed 7.8mg. In addition, aspartame products are stored or heated improperly and heated to 30 degrees Celsius, which will cause more methanol to be produced.

Most of the injuries caused by aspartame are not immediate, and it may take one, five or ten years for these temporary or permanent injuries to occur.

Aspartame controversy

More than one billion people worldwide consume a diet containing aspartame and believe that this ingredient is not dangerous, but these people may not know that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received adverse reaction complaints in the past 4 years Over 75% of the side effects are caused by aspartame. Many countries facing health ban the use of this ingredient, especially those with national health systems.

The three ingredients in aspartame have their own dangers, and each of them can cause many side effects and harmful health problems. Pay special attention to AcesulfamePotassium, which is another name for aspartame.

Phenylalanine: Even a little bit of aspartame will increase the phenylalanine content in the blood. A large amount of phenylalanine in the blood may be concentrated in some parts of the brain, which is particularly harmful to young children and fetuses. Excessive amounts of phenylalanine in the brain can reduce serotonin levels and cause mood disorders such as depression.

Aspartic acid: Aspartic acid is considered to be a neurotoxin, which means that this component over-stimulates certain nerves until the nerves die. Like nitrate and monosodium glutamate, aspartic acid can cause amino acid imbalances in the body and interfere with neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain.

Methanol forms formaldehyde: The biggest harm of aspartame is that methanol (liganol) will be recirculated to the whole body (including brain, muscle, fat and nerve tissue), and then metabolized to formaldehyde (entering cells and combining protein and genetic material). Methanol is a dangerous neurotoxin and a known carcinogen that can cause damage to the retina, interfere with DNA, and cause birth defects.

Aspartame Computational Chemistry Data

1. Reference value for calculation of hydrophobic parameters (XlogP): -2.7

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 3

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 6

4.Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 8

5. Number of tautomers: 2

6. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA): 119

7. Number of heavy atoms: 21

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 380

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 2

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[1]

Aspartame Toxicology Information

Toxicity: LD ₅₀ (mouse, oral) 2.2 g / kg (bw). ADI0 ~ 15mg / kg (bw) (FAO / WHO, 1994) ^[1] .