What Is an Inverted Papilloma?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus in the human body. The genus Papovaviridae belongs to the genus Papovaviridae.

Human papilloma virus

Humanity

World's first

Research on the prevalence of HPV infections varies according to the source of the test specimens, the HPV detection technology used, the type of HPV detected, and the population differences in the study area.

HPV is a member of the genera A of the Papillomavirus family and is a type of epithelial and mucosal squamous epithelium

Main HPV types in clinical diagnosis

Photolinear keratosis, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma,

Low-risk type (non-cancer-associated type): HPV1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 27, 40, 42, 43 and so on.

High-risk type (cancer-related type):

It is generally believed that the course of warts and body immunity, especially cells

HPV infection and carcinogenesis mechanisms and HPV types of infection, viral carcinogenic products, integration of viral genes and host cells, immune status of the body, viral

Excessive keratinization with incomplete keratosis, hypertrophy of spinous layer, exophytic papillomatous hyperplasia.

Focal vacuolar cells were seen in the upper part of the spinous layer and in the granular layer (

Human papilloma virus (HPV). Is a DNA virus. Human skin and mucous membranes

HPV is a small DNA virus with a diameter of 45 to 55 nm. The capsid is three-dimensionally symmetric in icosahedron. It contains 72 shell particles and no capsule. in

The diagnosis of warts mainly depends on clinical characteristics. For cases that cannot be diagnosed, the following methods can be used to assist the diagnosis.

There is no specific prevention method, but according to the HPV transmission mode,

The HPV infection rate mainly depends on the age and sexual behavior of the population. Many studies find that sexually active young women have the highest HPV infection rate

Although there is no research data to confirm the direct anti-HPV effect of etoretic acid, many literatures report that oral etoretic acid or etoretic acid has a significant effect on multiple, large warts. Etratate may exert a therapeutic effect on warts through the following mechanisms.

1. Etratate has the effect of regulating the differentiation and proliferation of epidermal cells: it inhibits the terminal differentiation of epidermal cells and reduces the volume of epidermal cells. Change the synthesis method of keratin, inhibit the formation of cell membrane, and affect the synthesis of membrane protein. Can reduce the amount of keratin precursors of epidermal cells, and reduce desmosomes and dysplasia, thereby weakening the adhesion of keratinocytes, thinning the keratin and inhibiting keratinization. After several weeks of treatment, the epidermis returned to normal, with normal keratinized epithelium, mild spinous layer hypertrophy, intracellular tension microfilaments, intercellular bridges, and keratinized pellets returned to normal.

2. Etratate has antiproliferative and antitumor effects: it can be stopped, inhibited, or even reversed by cancer cells. Can inhibit the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, which is characteristic of tumor development (this enzyme is involved in the production of polyamines). It can also directly inhibit the activity of chemical carcinogens and enhance physiological self-repair ability. By entering the cell, it binds to the receptor in the cell to form a retinoic acid-receptor complex, which in turn binds to specific factors in the DNA and modifies the differentiation process through the expression of target genes, preferentially allowing normal epidermal differentiation Inhibits dysplastic epidermal cells. The malignant tumor cells are transformed into more mature cells.

3. Etratate has an immune-regulating effect: it can increase the number of Langerhans cells that have been reduced in skin lesions; activate macrophages; helper antibodies; enhance allograft rejection.