What Is Manic Depressive Psychosis?

Manic depression is simply referred to as bipolar disorder, and it is also known as emotional psychosis. Symptoms are mainly emotional abnormalities, often accompanied by behavioral and thinking disorders. Its emotional change is characterized by excessive emotional ups and downs, and its thinking and behaviors change accordingly, and are coordinated with the surrounding environment, easy to be understood by people; therefore it is often easy to infect others. During the onset of the disease, it is called mania when it is emotionally high, and when it is low, it is called depression. Such patients can have multiple episodes in their lifetime, with the interval between the episodes being intermittent. At this point, the patient's mental state returned to normal. After the illness, his mental state rarely changes into decline.

Basic Information

Chinese name: Manic depression

Causes of Manic Depression

The etiology of this disease has not been elucidated, and may be related to a variety of factors such as heredity, biochemistry and psychosocial.

Clinical manifestations of manic depression

The clinical manifestations of manic patients have three characteristics, that is, the mood is high. Pleasant and joyful; thinking and running; association process is accelerated; psychomotor excitement.

High mood

At the onset of this disease, the patient may have headaches, insomnia, etc., and then his emotions will rise. His heart will be full of joy and joy. The patient will be active and multilingual, and will take the initiative to interact with others. He feels that everything is welcome and happy Yes, so I keep pursuing new things, but sometimes they are irritable.

Thinking

The patient's association process is accelerated, and the thought content is rich and changeable. It often changes with changes in external things, and the phenomenon of "transfer with the environment" often occurs. Due to the accelerated transformation of the trend of thought, there are corresponding behaviors of all kinds. Suddenly do this, and suddenly do that, but there can be no beginning or end to everything, and the result is nothing.

3. Increased activity

Because the patient's emotions are high, his energy is too vigorous, he is interested in everything, and wants to participate in any activity, so the activity increases. Because the patient's passive attention is easy to arouse, it is easy to shift the target during the activity, and one activity is not completed and then transferred to another activity. The result is busy, but everything is "Tiger and Snake", the work efficiency is not high, and it gives people With the feeling of "busy".

Manic Depression Check

1. Serum corticosteroids have abnormal corticosteroid secretion and are shown to have increased secretion. The normal secretion of circadian rhythm is disrupted. Dexamethasone cannot inhibit such secretion. Determination of luteinizing hormone in menopausal depression. Determination of luteinizing hormone in patients with this disease. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone content was measured after patients were given thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone secretion decreased. Cerebrospinal fluid serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) detect the depression of 5-HT. Deficiency of 5-HT is manifested in the reduction of 5-HIAA levels of 5-HT metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The level of 5-HT in CSF was negatively correlated with suicide, suicide attempts, and aggressive behavior. Winter depression episodes are accompanied by a decrease in 5-HT and 5-HIAA in CSF.

2. The examination of psychiatry department is a functional disease, but it is necessary to rule out the emotional and behavioral changes caused by brain organic diseases.

Diagnosis of manic depression

It should be determined mainly based on medical history, clinical symptoms, course characteristics, physical examinations and laboratory examinations, and comparison of relevant diagnostic criteria for mental illness. Diagnosis of typical cases is generally not difficult. The current international diagnostic standards are ICD-10 and DSM-IV. However, any kind of diagnostic criteria will inevitably have its limitations. Close clinical observation, grasping the main symptoms of the cross-section of the disease and the characteristics of the longitudinal course of disease, and scientific analysis are the reliable basis for clinical diagnosis.

Manic Depression Treatment

Western medicine treatment

(1) The treatment of mania requires the majority of patients to be hospitalized, and severe cases require compulsory hospitalization. The use of antipsychotics chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and clozapine can help control excitement quickly.

(2) Carbamazepine lithium treatment.

(3) Sodium valproate is used when lithium salt and carbamazepine are ineffective.

(4) Electroshock is used to treat severely agitated and agitated patients, and those who need to control the condition urgently apply this method.

2. Depression Treatment

(1) Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, clomipramine (clomipramine), etc. The new generation of antidepressants are: selective 5-HT resorption Inhibitors (SSRI): Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine, Triazodone, etc .; Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: Maprotiline, Opterin, Amoza Equality; Dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Minatirin, etc .; Selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Maclobemide, etc .;

(2) Electric shock treatment is suitable for severe depression such as suicide, stupor, etc.

(3) Sleep deprivation therapy is suitable for patients with poor antidepressant and electric shock treatment.

(4) Two drugs can be combined for intractable depression, such as antidepressant + antimanic drug, antidepressant + thyroxine, antidepressant + low dose antipsychotic.

(5) Suicide prevention is mostly in the early morning. Depression should be prevented from recurrent. Most of them should be maintained on medication for a long time. For the first time, the author should maintain medication for at least 6 months after the control of acute symptoms.

Depression psychotherapy can use various psychological methods, such as psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive therapy, mind remodeling therapy, and suggestive therapy, to guide patients to undergo cognitive changes and mental reconstruction.

3. Chinese medicine acupuncture therapy.

Prognosis of manic depression

Symptoms are relieved. Patients who have no signs of recurrence and complications after 2 to 3 weeks of observation can be treated in hospital. After discharge, they are not eligible for service.

Manic Depression Prevention

Follow-up studies found that patients who had recovered from drug therapy had a higher recurrence rate within 1 year after discontinuation, and the recurrence rate of bipolar disorder was significantly higher than that of unipolar depression, which were 40% and 30%, respectively. Taking lithium salt prophylactic treatment can effectively prevent the recurrence of mania or depression. Psychotherapy and social support systems also play a very important role in preventing the recurrence of this disease. Patients should be relieved or relieved of excessive psychological burden and pressure as much as possible, help patients to solve practical difficulties and problems in life and work, and improve patients' ability to cope. And actively create a good environment for it to prevent recurrence.