What Is Trypanosomiasis?

Trypanosoma is a blood flagellated protozoan that is parasitic to fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and human blood or tissue cells, and is a pathogen of trypanosomiasis. ^[1]

Gambia trypanosoma

Trypanosomiasis can cause trypanosomiasis, also known as "

Equine epidemic trypanosomiasis is a chronic protozoan disease caused by Trypanosoma eguiperdum parasitic in the mucosal microvessels of equine animals. It is characterized by inflammation, swelling, nodules and swelling of the reproductive organs. The ulcers remain with white spots, round papules on the skin, and incomplete or complete paralysis secondary to peripheral neuritis. The disease was first discovered in a herd of horses on a pasture in East Prussia from 1796 to 1799. It was known to be infected by mating at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1894, Luke found the pathogen in Algeria. In 1899, some people infected the horse with sick horses and sick donkey materials. In 1901, it was formally named trypanosoma rubens. ^[4]

The main trypanosomes that endanger animals in China are Trypanosoma edulis of horse, cattle, and camel, and trypanosoma pandemicum. In addition to the application of trypanosomiasis in the prevention and treatment of trypanosomiasis, the intermediate host should be eliminated. ^[5]

Trypanosomes

(Benir)

[Overview] Yellow or orange crystalline powder, odorless, easily soluble in water.

[Function] This product belongs to a broad-spectrum anti-blood protozoa, and has a killing effect on pearworm, trypanosomes, and sideworms. It can selectively block the synthesis or replication of trypanosomal DNA, and produce an irreversible combination with the nucleus, so that the insect's mobile matrix disappears, and it cannot divide and reproduce to exert its anti-insect effect.

[Application] It can repel the Babesia worms, edge worms of cattle, and B. buffalo trypanosoma; repel Babesia equine and equine epidemics; repel Babesia canis.

[Notes] This product has a narrow safety range and is relatively toxic. The animals will experience upsets, frequent urination, muscle tremors and other adverse reactions during the treatment. The injection is highly irritating to local tissues, and it is advisable to inject deep intramuscular points. Camels are sensitive to this product and should not be applied; horses are more sensitive, and high-dose applications should be used with caution; buffaloes are more sensitive than yellow cattle and are prone to toxic reactions when continuously applied. High-dose applications can reduce milk production in dairy cows. The withdrawal period is 28 days, and the abandonment period is 7 days.

[Usage] One deep intramuscular injection, 3 ~ 5mg / kg body weight for cattle and sheep, 3 ~ 4mg / kg body weight for horses, 3.5mg / kg body weight for dogs, and 5% ~ 7% sterilized solution with sterile water before use . ^[5]

Trypan suramin

(Naphthalenesulfonylurea)

[Overview] White, slightly pink or creamy powder, slightly bitter, slightly soluble in water.

[Action] This product is a traditional, less toxic anti-trypanosomal drug. It can prevent the normal metabolism of the worm body, cause the division and reproduction to be blocked, and cause the worm body to dissolve and die.

[Application] It can repel trypanosomes of horses, cows, camels and dogs, and repel cattle worms and edge worms.

[Caution] This product has less toxic reaction to cattle and camel, only slight reactions such as muscle tremor, abnormal gait, and mental stupefaction appear after administration. However, for severely infected equine animals, fever, limp, edema, difficulty walking, and even falling to the ground may occur. Prevention can be by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, and treatment must be by intravenous injection.

[Usage] One subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injection, 15 ~ 20mg / kg body weight for cattle, 10 ~ 15mg / kg body weight for horses, 8.5 ~ 17mg / kg body weight for camels, and 10% sterilized aqueous solution before use. ^[5]

Trypanosine

[Summary] There are two kinds of methioquinamine and quinachloramine, white or slightly yellow crystalline powder, no odor and bitterness, the former is easily soluble in water, and the latter is hardly soluble in water.

[Function] This product is a traditionally applied anti-trypanosomal drug. It has no direct lytic effect on trypanosomes, but inhibits its growth and reproduction by affecting the body's metabolism.

[Application] It can drive cattle, horse, camel trypanosoma, equine plague trypanosoma, Congo trypanosoma, active trypanosomes. Methioquinamine is used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, and quetiachlor is used in prevention.

[Caution] Toxic reactions often occur when this product is used, especially equine animals are the most sensitive. Usually 15min ~ 2h after injection, animals will show excitement, shortness of breath, muscle tremor, abdominal pain, frequent urination, increased heart rate, whole body Adverse reactions such as sweating usually disappear within 3 to 5 hours. This product is irritating. Swelling and sclerosis will occur locally when injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. In large doses, it should be injected at different points. Intravenous injection is strictly prohibited. Active use.

[Usage] One subcutaneous, intramuscular injection, 4 ~ 5mg / kg body weight for cattle, horses and camels. Prepare 10% sterilized water suspension just before use. ^[5]