What Is the Waste Management Industry?

Waste classification refers to the method of different classification of waste products according to different standards. ^[1]

Waste (waste) is defined as: substances produced in the course of human survival and development, which do not continue to preserve and use value to the holder. The definition of waste varies from country to country. For example, in Japan's related waste treatment and cleaning laws, waste is defined as: garbage, coarse garbage, ash residue, sludge, feces, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali, animal carcasses, and other pollutants and unwanted materials Solid and liquid substances. The United States' Resource Protection and Recovery Act defines waste as a type of resource. ^[1]

Classified by nature

Divided into: hazardous waste, general waste;

(1) Hazardous waste: also known as hazardous waste, refers to waste that causes actual or potential harm to human health or the environment, or refers to the national hazardous waste inventory or the hazardous waste identification standards and identification Waste identified as hazardous by the method. Generally, China considers 6 types of wastes, including flammable, explosive, radiation, corrosion, reaction, and infection, as hazardous waste. Such as abandoned strong acid, strong lye. (2) General waste: Wastes other than hazardous waste, such as waste paper and kitchen waste.

Classified by status

Divided into: solid waste, liquid waste, gas waste;

(1) Gas waste, such as factory dust and automobile exhaust.

(2) Liquid waste, such as domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, organic solvents, waste acid, waste alkali, etc.

(3) Solid waste, also known as solid waste and refuse. Such as municipal solid waste, fly ash, slag, packaging materials, etc.

Classified by composition

Divided into: organic waste, inorganic waste;

(1) Organic waste: refers to waste consisting of organic materials, such as animal carcasses, waste plastic, waste paper, waste fiber, etc. (2) Inorganic waste: Wastes consisting of inorganic materials, such as scrap metal, waste glass ceramics, and slag.

By system

Divided into: domestic waste, industrial waste and agricultural waste.

(1) Domestic waste (domestic waste), that is, waste generated by humans in their daily activities, such as food residues. (2) Industrial waste (industrial waste), waste generated from various industrial activities. According to China's national economy industry classification standards, waste can be divided into agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, extractive industries, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water production and supply, construction, geological exploration, water management, and transportation. Transportation, warehousing and telecommunications, wholesale and retail trade, catering, finance, insurance, real estate, social services, health, sports and social welfare, education, culture, arts, radio, film and television, scientific research and integration Waste from technical services, state agencies, political party agencies, and social organizations.

By processing responsibility

Divided by the responsibility of waste disposal: (1) Collecting and disposing of waste uniformly: Refers to the waste that is collected, stored, transported, and disposed under the supervision and management of the environmental sanitation administrative department of the local people's government. Rubbish. Such as household garbage and some industrial waste. (2) Disposal of waste on its own: It refers to waste that is generated by the producer of the waste or is entrusted to dispose of it by others. It mainly refers to various types of industrial waste.

Classification by processing method

According to the treatment method, it can be divided into the following types: (1) Combustible waste: Combustible waste, such as waste paper, waste wood, kitchen waste, waste fiber, etc. (2) Hard-to-burn waste: refers to waste that is not easy to burn, such as waste foamed plastic. (3) Incombustible waste: Incombustible waste means waste that cannot be burned, such as scrap metal, waste rubber, waste glass, ceramics, etc. (4) Compostable waste (compostable waste): refers to wastes suitable for treatment by microbial fermentation, such as kitchen waste. (5) Noncompostable waste: refers to wastes that are not suitable for microbial fermentation, such as waste glass and ceramics.

Classified by natural traits

According to the natural characteristics of waste, the waste is mainly divided into two types of waste: urban living and industry. Urban living waste also includes domestic waste such as waste paper, kitchen waste, waste fiber, waste wood, bamboo, Waste plastic, waste rubber, waste metal, waste glass ceramics, waste household electrical appliances, waste furniture, waste bicycles and other private vehicles, waste kitchen and toilet utensils, etc .; and some industrial wastes with the same natural characteristics as household waste. Industrial waste includes slag, sludge, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali, waste plastic, waste paper, waste wood chips, waste fiber, animal and plant residues, waste rubber, waste metal, waste glass ceramics, slag, construction waste, Animal feces, animal carcasses, dust, etc. ^[1]

U.S.-Waste classification goes deeper into life

The United States, known as a major waste-producing country, gradually sorts waste into citizens' lives. The government provides various convenient conditions for waste sorting. In addition to setting up separate trash bins on both sides of the street, each community regularly sends special personnel to clean up and separate the garbage sorted by each household. In New York, waste management is called "waste management." As long as you walk on the street, you can see both sides of the road. There are some black or dark brown garbage containers stacked on it, which read: Waste management company. The Waste Management Corporation is a nationally renowned waste collection and transportation company. Its stock has gone public, and it's doing well.

Sweden-waste sorting into everyday habits

In Sweden, households place different garbage collection containers under the kitchen sink or in the drawer to collect glass bottles, metal, paper, plastic, and kitchen waste, etc .; each street is equipped with large bins of different classifications. There is a garbage collection center near each household, which specializes in collecting sorted garbage. A Swedish housewife said, "After eating, we put the leftover food in food waste paper bags. I usually throw paper bags into food waste bins by the way when I ride to work in the morning ... it has become a daily routine living habit."

Germany-a century of waste separation

In Germany, urban waste separation and collection began as early as 1904, and it has been for more than 100 years. Under normal circumstances, each residential building has 3 to 4 bins, which store various packaging materials, non-recyclable garbage, paper products and glass bottles. The garbage company determines the size of the garbage bin according to the density of the residents in the residential building, and determines the garbage disposal fees that the residents need to pay. Household appliances, batteries, furniture, and other waste are collected and disposed of at designated locations. Teachers and parents in German schools cultivate their children's awareness of garbage sorting through preaching. German girl Stephanie told reporters: "Basically from the time of being sensible, I knew that garbage should be sorted."

Japan-classify waste into 4 categories

1.General garbage

Including food waste, paper scraps, grass and wood, packaging bags, leather products, containers, glass, tableware, non-resourceable bottles, rubber, plastic, cotton and white shirts .

2. Combustible resource waste

Including newspapers (including flyers, advertising paper), cartons, cartons, magazines (including books, brochures), old fabrics (including blankets, cotton white shirts, cotton sheets), and cartons for milk drinks.

3. Non-combustible resource waste

Including beverage bottles (aluminum cans, iron cans), brown bottles, colorless transparent bottles, bottles that can be reused directly.

4.Crushable garbage

Including small household appliances (TV, air conditioner, refrigerator / cabinet, washing machine), metal, furniture, bicycle, ceramic, irregularly shaped cans, bedding, straw mats, long chains (hose, Ropes, wires, wires, etc.).

With the development of production and the improvement of people's living standards, the discharge of waste has increased sharply, but the storage and disposal sites have been gradually reduced (the disposal costs have also become higher and higher), and The serious pollution of the air, water and soil has worsened the environment and endangered human health. On the other hand, due to the gradual reduction of natural resources worldwide, it is forcing everyone to pay attention to the recycling of waste and increase the material wealth of society.

Waste can only be considered as a habitual title under certain specific conditions, and can be changed according to changing circumstances.

Some are organic and can be used as high-quality fertilizers for plant growth after proper treatment. Such as: leftovers, leftovers, bones, root vegetables, and other food waste, biocomposite on-site treatment of compost, each ton can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.

Industrial waste can be selected to be useful or reused as a raw material. Such as: paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc., through comprehensive treatment and recycling, can reduce pollution and save resources. For each ton of waste paper recovered, 850 kg of paper can be made, saving 300 kg of wood, and 74% less pollution than equivalent production; for each ton of plastic beverage bottles recovered, 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials can be obtained; for each ton of waste steel recovered It can smelt 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% of the cost, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.

Some special ingredients, such as radioactive waste containing radioactive materials, heavy metal pollutants containing toxic components such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, etc., need to be treated with special safety to prevent environmental pollution because they are more harmful. ^[1]