How Are Cirrhosis and Hepatitis Related?

The contents of this CD-ROM are matched with the planning textbook "Internal Medicine" of the Ministry of Health, and refer to the latest research results in hepatitis and cirrhosis. In addition to refined text descriptions,

Hepatitis and cirrhosis

It also cooperates with text and uses multimedia to provide nearly 200 still pictures, 11 videos and 234 dubbings. The content search adopts the directory tree method and the Pinyin order method of the title, which is concise and clear. This CD-ROM is produced by Tianjin Medical University with a total capacity of nearly 500Mb, which is suitable for teaching and self-study of medical students.

Inflammatory lesions of the liver. It is the most common disease of the liver. Most of them originate from the hepatitis virus, and the rare reason is the toxic factors existing in the natural environment and the liver cell damage caused by clinical medication, alcoholism and inadvertently eating poisonous mushrooms. Virtually any cause of liver cell damage can be broadly referred to as hepatitis. The main clinical manifestations of hepatitis include anorexia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal discomfort, bloating, jaundice, fever, and joint pain. The liver is the body's material metabolism center. It is one of the important organs for sustaining life. Its functional state is closely related to human health. Hepatitis can change from acute to chronic and does not heal for a long time; from chronic development to cirrhosis; a few patients with cirrhosis develop liver cancer, which makes the prognosis extremely serious.

Medically, hepatitis can be divided into seven types: A, B, C, D, E, H, and G. Hepatitis B is the most widespread and most severe infectious hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus (Hepatitis B for short) is inflammatory damage to the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (Hepatitis B virus). The disease is spread all over the world. The clinical manifestations are fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea And abdominal distension, some cases have fever, jaundice, about half of the patients onset and concealed, found in the examination. Hepatitis B virus is widely present in blood, saliva, vaginal secretions, breast milk, semen, etc. after being infected by the human body, and is mainly transmitted through blood, sexual contact, close contact, etc., so the incidence of hepatitis B is familial. But not everyone infected with the virus will become a hepatitis B patient. This is closely related to the number of patients infected with the virus, virulence, and infection mode. The physical fitness and immune response status of each person also changes the hepatitis B disease and course. Return plays an important role. Therefore, patients with hepatitis B virus may have the following results: non-onset and protective hepatitis B surface antibodies, chronic chronic asymptomatic patients, mild chronic hepatitis, severe hepatitis.

Cirrhosis of the liver is caused by the destruction of the hepatic lobules due to some reasons, and its vacancy is replaced by connective tissue. Cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects the whole body, mainly due to extensive destruction, degeneration, necrosis and regeneration of liver parenchymal cells, fibrous tissue proliferation, and normal liver structural disorders. Due to the shrinkage of the scar, the texture of the inverted liver hardens and cirrhosis develops. Liver function is reduced, the albumin and fibrinogen produced by the liver are reduced, the colloid osmotic pressure produced by albumin in the plasma protein is reduced, and the resistance of the blood is reduced. Under the effect of blood pressure, the leakage of blood in the blood is increased and excessive As fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity, it becomes ascites.

1. Viral hepatitis: Currently in China, viral hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B, is the main cause of portal cirrhosis.

2. Alcoholism: Long-term heavy alcoholism is one of the factors that cause liver cirrhosis. At present, alcohol is thought to have a direct toxic effect on the liver. It can cause mitochondria of liver cells to swell, mitochondria to ill-aligned, and even the appearance of ethanol transparent bodies, which is a manifestation of severe damage and necrosis of liver cells.

3. Nutritional disorders: Most scholars acknowledge that malnutrition can reduce the resistance of liver cells to toxic and infectious factors, and become an indirect cause of liver cirrhosis. Animal experiments have shown that feeding animals lacking choline or methionine can progress to liver cirrhosis through the stage of fatty liver.

4. Industrial poisons or drugs: long-term or repeated exposure to arsenic-containing pesticides, carbon tetrachloride, yellow phosphorus, chloroform, etc., or long-term use of certain drugs such as diacetophene, isoniazid, simoxifen, tetracycline, methotrexate (MTX), methyldopa, can produce toxic or drug-induced hepatitis, which can lead to cirrhosis. Aflatoxin can also cause toxic damage to liver cells and cause cirrhosis.

5. Circulatory disorders: Chronic congestive heart failure, chronic constrictive pericarditis can cause chronic congestion and hypoxia in the liver, causing necrosis and fibrosis of liver cells. It is called congestive cirrhosis, also known as cardiogenic cirrhosis. It can also be attributed to metabolic disorders such as hemochromatosis and hepatolenticular degeneration, which are attributed to the disease factors that cause cirrhosis.

7. Cholestasis: High concentrations of bilirubin can damage liver cells during extrahepatic bile duct obstruction or intrahepatic cholestasis, and liver cirrhosis can occur over time. Those caused by intrahepatic cholestasis are called primary biliary cirrhosis. Caused by extrahepatic bile duct obstruction is called secondary biliary cirrhosis.

8. Schistosomiasis: Schistosomiasis can cause significant portal hypertension, which is also known as schistosomiasis cirrhosis, because schistosomiasis stimulates connective tissue proliferation in the manifold area.

Cirrhosis diet needs to pay attention to one: protein diet carefully. Although it is emphasized that patients need to eat a high protein diet, patients with hepatic encephalopathy should have a low protein diet.

Liver cirrhosis diet needs to be cured two: eat with caution. It is better to eat 80% full. Do not overdo it. Do not feel bloating after eating. If you have post-prandial bloating, reduce the amount of soup before and after meals.

The liver cirrhosis diet needs to pay attention to three: symptomatic. Food varieties should be mainly digestible food, reduce protein intake when jaundice, and gradually increase protein intake when jaundice subsides, so as not to induce cholecystitis, increase jaundice or make jaundice difficult to subside.

Liver cirrhosis diet needs to pay attention to four: avoid fasting. Cirrhosis diet can choose fish, vegetables, bean sprouts, soy products, etc. The fruit is better with oranges and apples, but be careful not to eat fruits on an empty stomach.

Part 5 of the liver cirrhosis diet: health. During the treatment of cirrhosis, all food should be fresh and clean, so as not to worsen the condition due to decreased resistance and intestinal infections such as diarrhea.

Liver cirrhosis diet should pay attention to six: avoid rough. Liver cirrhosis diet should not be too rough, so as not to induce varicose vein rupture and bleeding.

Relationship with Hepatitis B

We have encountered many HBV carriers asking this question. According to our investigation, there are two uncles who are infected with hepatitis B. They are afraid of becoming cirrhotic, and they are afraid of becoming liver cancer. Now let s talk about whether people with hepatitis B become cirrhotic.

How does cirrhosis come? A person's liver does not become cirrhotic overnight with inflammation. There must be a process, which is basically this: first, there must be liver inflammation, but also a chronic process, and then fibrosis of the liver must occur on the basis of chronic hepatitis. This process also takes a long time. Finally, Further development will lead to cirrhosis, which does not happen suddenly.

It is known that 80% of liver tissues are hepatocytes, and the other 20% are "extracellular tissues of liver," including "extracellular matrix of liver". Hepatitis is mainly inflammation, necrosis, and lysis of liver cells. Hepatic extracellular tissues were not involved at the beginning. Due to the constant inflammation and repeated stimulation, the "hepatic extracellular matrix" was inevitably spread. When the "hepatocyte extracellular matrix" is constantly stimulated, it will continue to proliferate, making the "hepatocyte extracellular matrix" more and more, filling the gaps between the hepatocytes, and squeezing the hepatocytes, reducing the number of liver cells As the inflammation worsens, the inflammation of the hepatocytes becomes heavier and stronger, and the stimulation of the "hepatocyte extracellular matrix" will become heavier and heavier and proliferate, forming a vicious circle. Because the "hepatic extracellular matrix" contains collagen, collagen can become collagen fibers, and the increase in collagen fiber tissue finally leads to liver fibrosis, which undoubtedly reduces liver function.

After the occurrence of liver fibrosis, if it is not well controlled, fibrosis will continue to increase, and it will proliferate in liver tissues, forming a "fibrous septum", which divides liver tissue into clusters, and liver cells are bound by it. Will continue to regenerate, forming regeneration nodules. The original liver tissue changed and a "false leaflet" was formed, which eventually caused cirrhosis.

Normal livers are as soft as lips. After fibrosis, the nose is as hard as nose. When the liver is cirrhotic, the liver is as forehead. Cirrhosis means that the liver has hardened. At this time, the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels flowing into the liver will also be squeezed. The liver and bile ducts flowing out of the liver will also be squeezed. As a result, the blood flowing into the liver will be blocked, and a large amount of blood will be choked. In the portal vein, making the portal vein "greater and thicker" causes portal hypertension, which can cause ascites. The liver and bile ducts are squeezed, the bile in the tube is blocked from flowing outward, and finally a large amount of bile flows back into the blood, causing jaundice.

The occurrence of cirrhosis is step by step, hepatitis-liver fibrosis-cirrhosis. Therefore, those with HBV infection cannot directly develop cirrhosis.

But there is such a fact: the first time a HBV patient came to the hospital for examination was cirrhosis. What is going on? Was it from a person with HBV infection directly to cirrhosis? Surely not, actually. He also had to go through the stages of hepatitis and fibrosis to enter the cirrhosis stage, but he didn't notice the first two stages. Clinically, there are some patients whose latent progress is latent, especially in elderly people who are not sensitive enough and their symptoms are not obvious. It is not until the stage of liver cirrhosis that the symptoms appear. Some people may not pay enough attention to themselves, or because of busy work, they may not find out the evolution of their condition. We realize that this happens from time to time in the countryside. They did not recognize the seriousness of hepatitis B, and they were "quite" or "dragging" with some discomfort, which finally aggravated the condition. This requires that people with hepatitis B virus must go to the hospital for regular inspections in order to detect the disease early.

The dangers of cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis is very harmful to the human body, and it can easily cause many symptoms on the body, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, discomfort in the liver area, ascites, bleeding tendency, liver coma, etc. In addition to causing various symptoms in the body, Also easily lead to the occurrence of liver cancer. Patients with liver cirrhosis can be life-threatening if their condition is severe, so they must be detected early and treated early.