How Important is the Polio Vaccine?

Polio vaccine is an effective means to prevent and eliminate polio. Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by the polio virus. The clinical manifestations are mainly fever, upper respiratory symptoms, and limb pain. The virus mainly invades the gray and white matter of the anterior horn of the gray matter of the human spinal cord, causing permanent damage to the gray matter and flaccid paralysis of the limbs. Some patients may develop delayed neuropalsy and leave the sequelae of paralysis, which is more common in children under 5 years of age, so it is commonly known as "poliomyelitis". Vaccination is the most economical and effective way to prevent and control the transmission of polio. This disease can be prevented and refractory. Once it causes limb paralysis, it will easily become a lifelong disability and even endanger life.

Basic Information

Drug Name

Polio vaccine

Foreign name

Poliovirus Vaccines

Main indications

Preventing polio

Adverse reactions

Mild fever reaction, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and rash

Dosage form

Oral, injection

Drug type

vaccine

Polio vaccine immunization procedures and doses

There are currently two types of vaccines used to prevent polio: oral attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) and injectable polio vaccine (IPV, including IPV-containing combination vaccines). From May 1, 2016, China implemented a new polio vaccine immunization strategy (sequential procedure), that is, a dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) at the age of 2 months, each in March, April and 4 years old Oral dose of live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV).

Contraindications for polio vaccine

1. People who are allergic to any component of the vaccine, including excipients and antibiotics.

2. Those suffering from acute disease, severe chronic disease, acute attack of chronic disease, fever.

3. Immunodeficiency, immunocompromised or under immunosuppressive therapy.

4. Women during pregnancy.

5. Uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological diseases.

Polio vaccine adverse reactions

Common adverse reactions: mild fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. Generally no special treatment is needed, and symptomatic treatment can be used if necessary.

Very rare adverse reactions: cause polio vaccine-related cases (VAPP).

Polio vaccine precautions

1. Use with caution in the following cases: families and individuals with a history of convulsions, people with chronic diseases, people with a history of epilepsy, allergies.

2. Poliomyelitis vaccine is a sugar pill or liquid dosage form. It is afraid of heat and will fail when heated. Therefore, do not take medicine with hot water. When taking, first use a spoon or chopsticks to grind the sugar pills, or use a spoon to dissolve the sugar pills in cold water (do not use hot water). Older children can swallow directly.

3. The polio vaccine is taken out from the environment at -20 ° C. After being opened, it should be stored at 2-8 ° C and used up within the day. The rest should be discarded.

4. Adrenaline and other drugs should be available for emergency use in case of severe allergic reactions. It should be observed on site for at least 30 minutes after vaccination.

5. The injection of immunoglobulin should be vaccinated at least 3 months apart to avoid affecting the immune effect.

6. When using different attenuated live vaccines for vaccination, the interval should be at least 1 month.

7. Poliomyelitis vaccine should not be taken by people with high fever, impaired immunity, and who are being treated with adrenocortical hormones or anticancer drugs.

8. Once the illness occurs, you should go to the hospital for isolation and treatment in a timely manner, and report it to the health and epidemic prevention station. Medical contacts for close contact should be observed for 20 days. Those who have not taken the vaccine or have incomplete vaccine should take it immediately.

9. It is best to stop sucking breast milk within half an hour after taking the vaccine (available milk or other milk substitutes), otherwise the antibodies in breast milk will neutralize (kill) the vaccine and affect the effect.

10. If vomiting occurs while taking it, take it again.

Note: The above content is only for introduction, the drug use must be carried out by a regular hospital under the guidance of a doctor.