What are biguanides?
Biguanides are a class of chemicals that include some important pharmaceutical drugs. In this class, metformin, which is considered the most accurate antidiabetic drug. There is also a remedy for the treatment of malaria called proguanil, which is a biguanide. This class of compounds was originally derived from the French plant Lila. An extremely high level can cause coma and to be fatal. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune state. In it pancreas the patient produces insufficient insulin and this deficiency must be overcome by injections or automatic pump. With type 2 diabetes, cells have lost the ability to respond to insulin. Diabetes 2 type 2 is often correlated with obesity. Lifestyle changes such as increased exercise, diet and weight loss modifications can sometimes control the disease. gestational diabetes may occur during pregnancy. Prediabetes is a state in which a person has an elevated blood sugar and is endangered by diabetes 2. This condition is called hypoglycaemia . It isA special problem for people who take insulin to control diabetes, but it is also a side effect of many anti -abetic drugs.
In the past, several types of bigianides have been used to treat diabetes, but it was found that all except one of the drugs were too toxic for use. Over time, drug metformin has become a drug to choose to treat people with diabetes 2. Unlike other anti-diabetic drugs that can cause weight gain, this drug does not have this side effect. It can cause weight loss and reduces fat and cholesterol levels in the bloodstream. This drug does not cause hypoglycaemia.
Metformin has been suggested that it causes reduction in diabetes mortality, especially by reducing heart disease and stroke. The exact mechanism of action is unclear. The primary action of bigianides is to reduce the production of liver glucose, which affects the level of glucose in the morning. These compounds also fromGlucose intake of muscle cells is raised, thus reducing blood levels.
Another effect is to reduce the degree of resistance to insulin by the body. Thus, diabetics who use insulin can reduce insulin treatment. This even applies to type 1 diabetics. Metformin is often combined with other antidiabetic drugs such as sulphonylmoch.
Prediabetes treatment is another function of metformin. This compound is also sometimes used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome. It is used for this purpose because this disease is associated with increased insulin resistance. In the treatment of this disorder, metformin may cause irregular menstrual periods and incorporate a chance of pregnancy.
For most people, the side effects of metformin are less, especially compared to other biguanides. They consist primarily of the disturbance of the digestive, which is generally reduced after the patient has been healing for several weeks. A more serious side effect is lactate acidosis thatIt rarely occurs and is probably observed in older people who have kidney disease, congestive heart failure or lung disease. These people should not take metformin.
In addition to the treatment of diabetes, another biguanide is used as one of the antimalarial drugs. Proguanil is taken in advance by passengers to prevent the disease from getting. In general, this medicine is used with another medicine that is effective against malaria.
One biguanide compound is used as a disinfection. Polyaminopropyl Biguanide (PAPB) has a series of uses as an antimicrobial agent. These range from use in contact lenses to use in pools as an alternative to chlorine.