What are the Different Types of Snoring Devices?

Aerosol fire extinguishing technology is a new fire extinguishing technology developed on the basis of military pyrotechnics. The first generation of aerosol fire extinguishing technology was born in China, also known as smoke fire extinguishing technology, beginning in the early 1960s. It was completed by the scientific research personnel of the Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Public Security. They independently developed an automatic smoke extinguishing system, which is mainly used to extinguish fires of Class A, B, and C liquid storage tanks. This is a new fire extinguishing technology that is different from the past. It has both smoke and fog. It has both fine solid particles and aerosols formed by water vapor and N2 and CO2 fire extinguishing gas.

S-type aerosol automatic fire extinguishing device

Aerosol fire extinguishing technology is a new fire extinguishing technology developed on the basis of military pyrotechnics. In the 1960s, the oil tank smoke extinguishing technology studied by the Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security was the earliest aerosol fire extinguishing technology. At that time, this new fire extinguishing technology did not attract widespread attention.

In the early 1980s, with the emergence of environmental protection problems of "halon fire extinguishing agents", finding alternatives to halon has become an important research topic. At the end of the 1980s, Russian scientists first researched the aerosol fire extinguishing technology that can completely extinguish fires. This technology opened a new way for halon replacement research. Subsequently, the aerosol fire extinguishing technology has attracted the attention of the international community, and China, the United States, Australia, Malaysia and other countries have also begun research on new aerosol fire extinguishing technologies.

Aerosol is generally said to be a stable state system formed by fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas. The specialty refers to a colloidal system using a gas (usually air) as a dispersion medium and solid or liquid particles as a dispersoid.

Aerosols commonly found in nature --- clouds, smoke, fog, etc.

Particles in aerosols are mostly in the size range of 10-5 to 10-1 m, have gas mobility, and can diffuse around obstacles.

The medicament in the aerosol fire extinguishing device is solid, and the component emitted by the medicament through the redox reaction is aerosol. The first generation of aerosol fire fighting technology-smoke fire fighting technology

K-type aerosol fire extinguishing technology, also called potassium salt fire extinguishing technology, is the second stage of the development of aerosol fire extinguishing technology, which began in the former Soviet Union in the mid-1960s. China started late in this respect, beginning in the early 1990s. The first generation of products was successfully developed by Beijing Institute of Technology. In this type of aerosol generator, potassium nitrate is mainly used as the main oxidant. The fire extinguishing efficiency is high, but because it contains a large amount of potassium ions, it is easy to absorb moisture and form a yellow and sticky strong alkaline conductive liquid film. This substance is very damaging to electronic equipment. Therefore, K-type aerosols automatically Fire extinguishing devices should not be used in electronic equipment, precision instruments and cultural relics archives.

Its use in the market is gradually decreasing.

The third generation aerosol (type S) mainly uses strontium salt as the main oxidant. Unlike the second generation potassium salt (type K) aerosol, strontium ions do not absorb moisture, do not form conductive solutions, and do not cause damage to electrical equipment. The S-type aerosol automatic fire extinguishing product was independently developed by Xi'an Jianrui Chemical Co., Ltd. (now Shaanxi Jianrui Fire Protection Co., Ltd.) in the early 21st century.

In 2001, after strict inspection and verification, China Mobile Communications Corporation selected the strontium salt aerosols (S-type aerosol automatic fire extinguishing device) produced by the company to protect its communication base stations and other places equipped with precision electronic equipment.

At present, strontium salt aerosol products have been used in thousands of engineering projects, and the third generation of aerosols has been increasingly accepted by users.

According to the Public Safety Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China "GA499.1 2010 Aerosol Fire Extinguishing System Part 1: Hot Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Devices", aerosol fire extinguishing devices can be divided into:

A) It can be divided according to the installation mode of fire extinguishing device;

a) Floor fire extinguishing device;

b) Suspended fire extinguishing device.

B) According to the temperature of the nozzle of the fire extinguishing device, it can be divided into:

a) Temperature-limiting fire extinguishing device;

b) Non-limiting fire extinguishing device.

C) According to the type of fire aerosol fire extinguishing agent, it can be divided into:

a) S-type aerosol fire extinguishing device;

b) K-type aerosol fire extinguishing device.

The model compilation method is as follows:

The four elements of combustion: combustibles, oxidants, temperature, and unrestricted chain reactions. The extinguishing mechanism of the extinguishing gas is to eliminate one or more of the four elements of combustion.

The solid fire extinguishing agent in the S-type aerosol fire extinguishing device is electrically started, and a large number of agglomerated fire extinguishing aerosols are formed by its own redox reaction. Its components are mainly N2, a small amount of CO2, and metal salt solid particles.

The S-type fire extinguishing aerosol fire extinguishing mechanism is as follows:

No harm to human body, high fire extinguishing efficiency, less fire extinguisher usage, saving weight and space, friendly environment, easy installation, low maintenance cost and cost saving.

The metallurgical industry involves many large and very large enterprises, including Baosteel, Shougang, Angang, Pangang, Wuhan Iron and Steel, and Maanshan Iron and Steel. There are a large number of places in the interior that require gas for fire protection.

S type aerosol fire extinguishing device can be applied to:

1. Main control system-main control room, central control room, main electricity room, communication center (including switchboard room, main wiring room, power room, etc.), main operation room, etc.

2. Substation and distribution system (substation)-distribution room, oil immersed capacitor room, oil immersed transformer room, oil immersed reactor room, battery room, etc .;

3. Oil supply system-hydraulic station, lubricating oil storage, rolling oil system, centralized oil supply, system, oil storage room, oil pipe gallery, etc.

4. Computer room-computer (computer) room, hardware and software development and maintenance room, uninterruptible power supply room, buffer room, paper library, optical or magnetic recording Material library, etc.

5.Diesel generator room

6. Cable shaft (tunnel, mezzanine)

7, laser welding machine room, archives and other rooms of important nature or valuables other rooms.

The power industry is mainly concentrated in seven major companies: State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, Huaneng Group, Huadian Group, Datang Group, Guodian Group, and China Power Investment Corporation.

S type aerosol fire extinguishing device can be used for:

1. Control system-unit, centralized control room (building), electrical control building (main control building, network control building), etc .;

2. Microwave and communication system-switch room, program-controlled telephone station, communication center computer room, etc .;

3. Power distribution system-power distribution room, oil immersed capacitor room, oil immersed transformer room, oil immersed reactor room, battery room, etc.

4. Computer room;

5. Diesel generator room;

6. Electronic equipment room;

7. Cable trench (sandwich, tunnel), etc.

The communications industry is mainly concentrated in four group companies: China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, and China Netcom.

S type aerosol fire extinguishing device can be used for:

1. Machine room

2. Base station

3. Transformer room

Computer room

5.Active node room

Petrochemical companies are mainly concentrated in companies such as PetroChina, Sinopec, China National Chemical, and CNOOC.

S type aerosol fire extinguishing device can be used for:

1. Control system-unit, centralized control room (building), electrical control building (main control building, network control building), etc .;

2. Power distribution system-power distribution room, oil immersed capacitor room, oil immersed transformer room, oil immersed reactor room, battery room, etc.

3. Low-voltage power distribution cabinet;

4. Cable trench (sandwich, tunnel).

The railway system is the Ministry of Railways, and there are 18 railway bureaus (companies) with independent legal personality.

S type aerosol fire extinguishing device can be applied to:

1. Railway signal room (building);

2. Railway locomotive;

3. Substations along the railway;

4. Air-conditioned power generation vehicle;

Ordinary civil buildings

S type aerosol fire extinguishing device can be applied to:

1. High (low) voltage distribution room;

2. Archives room;

3. Computer room;

4. Diesel generator room.

5, cable wells, etc.

Changsha International Electronics Building caught fire:

The DKL automatic fire extinguishing device produced by Xi'an Jianrui Chemical Co., Ltd. was activated in a timely and effective manner in a short circuit accident caused by the aging of the power line at 13 noon on May 29, 2004 in Changsha International Electronic Building, avoiding a fire accident. Effectively protected various electrical equipment inside the base station. After the accident, it did not affect transmission, power supply, air conditioning and main equipment. After replacing the power cord, all equipment resumed normal work at 16:30 on May 29.

Brief introduction of engineering environment: mobile communication base station, there are switches, power cabinets, air conditioners and other equipment in the station, controller JB-QB-JR01

Spraying process: At about 1:00 noon on May 29, the mobile company personnel received the fault report from the base station and entered the base station at 1:25 to find that the machine room was emitting smoke and the temperature was extremely high. The DKL fire extinguishing device has been activated and is being sprayed. Extinguishing agent.

In the promotion and use of aerosols, China has taken the lead in the world. In terms of the preparation of national standards, except for China, only Australia and Russia have promulgated national standards for aerosols. The standards of the United States, European Standards Association, International Organization for Standardization and other national and international organizations are still being prepared. The specific situation is shown in the following table: (as of the end of 2005)

ISO: aerosol fire extinguishing system for ships;

IMO, equivalent to the aerosol fire extinguishing system listed in SOLAS 74 for equipment;

NFPA: Aerosol fire suppression system;

CEN:

Condensed aerosol fire extinguishing system Part 1: Requirements for components of condensed aerosol fire extinguishing system.

Condensed aerosol fire extinguishing system Part 2: Design, installation and maintenance of condensed aerosol fire extinguishing system.

We are ahead of other countries in terms of groundbreaking technology, market usage, and guidance from industry standards. China's research and development of fire protection products often lags behind foreign countries, but in terms of aerosol technology, China is already a world leader.

The S-type aerosol fire extinguishing device of a certain manufacturer in China has been successfully sold in Southeast Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the United States and other countries, filling the gap that our fire extinguishing products are going abroad.

Although China's aerosol technology has the earliest development history, the technology has matured and reached the world's leading level, but as a new type of fire extinguishing product, the relevant national regulations are in the stage of continuous improvement. ", Three national standards of GA 499.1-2010" hot aerosol fire extinguishing device ", GB50263-2007" code for construction and acceptance of gas fire extinguishing systems ".

The recently issued Ministry of Public Security industry standard GA 499.1-2010 "Hot aerosol fire extinguishing device" has made a more scientific revision of the GA499.1-2004 standard. The hot aerosol is divided into two types of S and K based on the performance index. The inconvenience brought by GA499.1-2004 due to the variety of chemical components, the inconvenience of application and promotion, and the high management cost; non-temperature-limiting fire extinguishing devices were added to the product classification. According to the needs of the place of use, this type of fire extinguishing device can reduce the use of coolant, reduce the mass of the device itself, and improve the fire extinguishing effect to a certain extent; it limits the maximum filling quality of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent; The technical requirements of agents and hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents were adjusted; the 2004 version of the standard was revised and supplemented from aspects of product storage performance, safety performance, and corrosion performance; from the aspect of environmental protection requirements, the materials for coolants and cooling devices were proposed Meet the requirements of national environmental protection requirements.

The release and implementation of this industry standard is of great significance for regulating the production and inspection of hot aerosol fire extinguishing devices, and promoting its technological innovation and development, and also marks that China's aerosol technology is more mature.

In recent years, China's fire protection industry has developed rapidly. In 2004, sales of fire protection products were about 25 billion yuan. In 2008, sales reached about 46 billion yuan. The average annual sales growth rate in the past five years has reached 17%. The fire protection product market is mainly divided into four categories: automatic fire extinguishing systems, alarm equipment, building fire prevention, and fire protection equipment. The market size of automatic fire extinguishing systems accounts for about 20% of the total fire protection product market. The products of automatic fire extinguishing system are mainly divided into four categories: gas fire extinguishing system, water sprinkler fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system and dry powder fire extinguishing system. Among them, gas fire extinguishing system accounts for 50%, water sprinkler fire extinguishing system accounts for 25%, foam fire extinguishing system accounts for 15%, and dry powder fire extinguishing system accounts for 10%. In the gas fire extinguishing system, there are three main types: IG541, sevoflurane and aerosol. In 2006, 2007, and 2008, the market share of aerosol fire extinguishing products in the gas fire extinguishing industry was 4.38%, 4.99%, and 3.42%, of which the S type aerosol products accounted for 1.17% of the gas fire extinguishing industry's market share. , 1.75%, 1.80%. The market share of S-type aerosol fire extinguishing products is gradually increasing.

China's "Fire Protection Law" clearly stipulates: "The state encourages and supports fire scientific research and technological innovation, and promotes the use of advanced fire fighting and emergency rescue technologies and equipment." At present, IG-541 is an American company Ansu The patented product, heptafluoropropane, is a patented product of the American Great Lakes Corporation, and only the S-type aerosol is a patented product independently developed by Jianrui Fire Protection and possessing independent intellectual property rights. Therefore, with the country's key encouragement and support for S-type aerosol fire extinguishing technology, the market for S-type aerosols has been increasing year by year.

The traditional three major gas fire extinguishing systems basically belong to the full submerged fire extinguishing method. Under the development of our country's scientific researchers, we have developed an aerosol fire extinguisher that can locally extinguish fire. Sol is a non-pressure storage type, which greatly reduces the volume and weight of fire extinguishing. This breakthrough further reflects the leading position of China's aerosol technology in the world.

1. GB 50370-2005 "Code for Design of Gas Fire Extinguishing System";

2. GB50263-2007 "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems";

3. DB61 / 368-2005 "Design, Construction and Technical Specifications of Automatic Aerosol Fire Extinguishing System";

4. GA499.1-2010 "Hot aerosol fire extinguishing device";

5. Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Technology, Guo Hongbao, Chemical Industry Press, 2005. ^[1]