What are the different types of growth factors similar to insulin?

insulin growth factors or IGF are hormones that help promote growth and are produced by a number of different cells in the body. There are two main types of growth factor of similar insulin, known as IGF-1 and IGF-2. When the pituitary in the brain excludes growth hormone, the liver releases IGF-1 and IGF-2 into the blood. Insulin growth factors then bind to special receptors on cells and stimulate growth. IGF-1 promotes bone and cartilage growth after birth, while IGF-2 is responsible for fetal development and placenta. Insulin is a hormone that reduces blood sugar levels by increasing the transmission of glucose from blood to cells. While there are only two main growth factors similar to insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 exist in a number of slightly different forms.

both insulin growth factors circulate in the blood connected to special proteins binding IGF before connecting to receptors on cells. There are three main types of receptors. How IGF-1 and IGF-2 bind to what is called type 1 receptor while receptorType 2 binds mainly IGF-2. The third receptor binds to IGF-1 and is very similar to the insulin receptor. High IGF-1 binding concentrations on this insulin receptor can cause an effect similar to insulin activity.

pituitary disorders can lead to increased or reduced growth hormone levels and measurement tests of IGF-1, which is an insulin growth factor most affected by growth hormone, can help assess the pituitary function. Sometimes the pituitary tumor creates an excessive amount of growth hormone. Most often, these tumors are benign or grim, but symptoms such as visual changes, headaches, diabeabnormalities of TES and growth may result from elevated levels of growth hormone.

In rare diseases known as acromegaly, most commonly caused by growth hormone producing tumor, blood tests usually reveal elevated IGF-1 levels that have been secreted in response to high mthe foot of the growth hormone. Along with other symptoms, it can be seen that unusual growth affects the forehead, lower jaw, hands and legs. Treatment generally includes surgical removal of the tumor, sometimes accompanied by medicines to return the growth hormone levels to normal.

Abnormal levels of IGF-2 are assumed that they are associated with a rare condition that causes excessive fetal growth. It is also assumed that elevated levels of both growth factors of similar insulin are involved in the development of certain cancers. Research is carried out in related specific mechanisms.