What is the connection between Ghrelin and Leptin?
Ghrelin and Leptin are two hormones controlling appetite that are produced by the body to say the hypothalamus to increase or reduce appetite. Act in the opposite way. Ghrelin is produced by stomach lining and acts in the short term to increase appetite in response to caloric intake during eating. Leptin is produced by fat cells, reduces appetite for a long time and can increase metabolism. Ghrelin and leptin levels are affected by caloric intake, duration and quality of sleep and body fat levels.
When scientists first discovered Ghrelin and Leptin, hopes were high, that the control of these hormones could lead to a breakthrough in weight loss control. This has not been done because Ghrelin and Leptin interact with a number of other hormones and metabolic processes to affect appetite. Many complex environmental, genetic and hormonal factors affect ghrelin and leptin levels and can even affect how well the body reacts to the level of hormones in the body.
Scientists have found that when they test the levels of ghrelin and leptin the subject before and after the diet, the levels of ghrelin increase after weight loss and the leptin levels decrease. It seems that caloric restrictions and fat loss reduce leptin levels while increasing ghrelin levels. This could be a factor why the diet is unsuccessful, with at least 90 percent of the dieters recruiting all the weight they have lost. They often get back even more than they lost.
When people gain weight, their ghrelin levels tend to be lower, while their leptin levels tend to be higher. Although it would seem that someone who is obese and has high levels of leptin would eat less in the response, the opposite seems to be the case. Many scientists believe that many obese people take the form of leptin resistance, where the body has a high level of leptin, but leptin jenevědomí with the brain effectively.
one studyE showed that low -calorie, low -fat diet with high carbohydrate has increased leptin receptivity. These dieters were still lower in the body of leptin, but they seemed to perceive its effects, so they felt less lepta. The results of a similar study suggest that high -fat diets have increased leptons resistance, leading people to feel hungry, even though their body had enough food.
The time and quality of sleep can affect ghrelin and leptin levels. After poor night sleep, ghrelin levels increase the next day, while leptin levels fall. Scientists have predictably found that people who are less sleeping on average tend to weigh more than people who have more sleep. This also applies to the suffering sleep apnea, who tends to have a bad sleep. People with sleep apnea tend to have higher levels of obesity than people who do not have sleep apnea.