What is the cytotoxic t cell?
Cytotoxic t cell is a type of white blood cells involved in the reaction of the immune system for infection and damage. These cells are known to several names, including CD8 cells, killer t cells, cytolytic cells and cytotoxic t lymphocytes. The primary role of cytotoxic t cells is to kill host cells that are infected with viruses and intracellular parasites or bacteria, and are also able to kill tumor cells.
In general, cytotoxic cells develop in bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells. These are cells that are able to develop into any type of white blood cells. Unripe cytotoxic cells migrate to a small organ called Brzlík, where they mature into cells that are functional, but are called "naive" because they have not yet been immunologically active. The surface of each cytotoxic t cell is covered with receptors that are specific to a small part of the protein. The type of receptor of each cell is unique and each individual cell will only be activated in the vigor of part of the protein of its recruitPtory recognizes.
During active infection, different types of immune cells are activated and pathogens and infected host cells are beginning to destroy. These include macrophages, natural killer cells and auxiliary t cells. If an infection is a virus or other intracellular pathogen, a particular type of immune response is activated by a cell -mediated response. This type of immune response activates cytotoxic T cells that are able to target and kill infected host cells with high specificity.
When a naive cytotoxic t cell is activated, clonal expansion begins, which means that the cell begins to divide to produce multiple cells exactly like. At the end of the clonal expansion phase, the immune system is then armed with millions of new active cells, all of which have receptors that are specific to Pathogen have attacked the body. This specificity is important because without it would be killerThe cells attacked healthy cells and infected.
Newly active cells begin to roam on the body and migrate to the site of infection. When it encounters infected cells, the cytotoxic t cell locks to its target and releases destructive chemicals called perforation, granuysin and granzymy. PERFORIN tears small holes in the target cell membrane, allowing other chemicals to enter. Grassy and granulysine are enzymes that start a cascade of chemical reactions after entering the target cell, which eventually causes a cell to die.
Cytotoxic T cells are able to kill tumor cells and infected cells. This is because tumor cells are often covered with abnormal proteins that are not produced by healthy cells. Any cytotoxic T cells with receptors that specifically recognize abnormal proteins likely to be cancer. Some experimental cancer treatment therefore attempts to activate the body's immune response to your own cancer cells, but the success of these typesThe treatment is very variable.