What is a Red Blood Cell?

Red blood cells, also called red blood cells, are often abbreviated as RBC in routine tests. It is the most abundant type of blood cell in the blood. It is also the most important medium for transporting oxygen through the blood in vertebrates. It also has immune functions. Mammalian mature red blood cells are seedless, which means they lose their DNA. Red blood cells also have no mitochondria, they release energy by breaking down glucose. Transports oxygen and also a portion of carbon dioxide. It is dark purple when carbon dioxide is transported, and bright red when oxygen is transported.

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Red blood cells, also called red blood cells, are often abbreviated as RBC in routine tests, and are the most abundant in blood.

In all vertebrates and several

To produce red blood cells, some important substances are needed, including amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, and

Red blood cells continue to regenerate and destroy, according to

The red blood cells are very small, with a diameter of only 7 to 8 m. They are shaped like disks with a concave center and thick edges, which are round. It is elastic and plastic

Polycythemia is characterized by the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total blood volume significantly exceeding normal levels. Childhood hemoglobin exceeds 180g / L (16g / dl), hematocrit is greater than 55%, and the absolute value of red blood cell capacity per kilogram of body weight exceeds 35ml, excluding the increase of relative red blood cells due to blood concentration caused by acute dehydration or burns, You can diagnose.

The disease can be divided into two categories, primary and secondary. Primary is erythrocytosis; secondary is mainly caused by tissue hypoxia.

Two major medical examinations of red blood cells: blood red blood cells, urine red blood cells. Blood tests routinely examine the cellular part of the blood ^[2] .

There are three types of cells in the blood-red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (small masses of lumps shed from bone marrow megakaryocytes ^[3] ). Judging the disease by observing the change in quantity and morphological distribution. It is one of the commonly used auxiliary examination methods for doctors to diagnose the condition.

[Normal reference value]

Male: 4.0 5.5 × 10 ^ 12 / L (4 million-5.5 million pieces / mm3).

Female: 3.5 5.0 × 10 ^ 12 / L (3.5 million to 5 million pieces / mm3).

Newborn: 6.0 ~ 7.0 × 10 ^ 12 / L (6 million to 7 million / mm3).

[Clinical significance]

Decreased red blood cells Red blood cell production is reduced, found in diseases such as leukemia: Increased damage: acute major hemorrhage, severe tissue damage and blood cell destruction, etc. Synthetic disorders: iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, etc.

Red blood cells are common in the body's hypoxia, blood concentration, polycythemia vera, emphysema, and so on.

Urine routine red blood cells refer to the red blood cells of the three types of cells used in routine urine tests. In normal urine, there are usually no fine cells or only a few red blood cells. After centrifugation, if one or two red blood cells are seen on average in each high-power field of the microscope, it is an abnormal performance; if there are more than three red blood cells in each high-power field, and the urine does not show blood, it is called microscopic hematuria; The appearance of urine is meaty water-like or ocher red, which is gross hematuria. Hematuria is common in acute nephritis, chronic nephritis, renal tuberculosis, and kidney tumors.

If a large amount of red blood cells appear in the urine, it may be caused by kidney bleeding, urinary tract bleeding, renal congestion and other reasons. Vigorous exercise and blood circulation disorders can also lead to increased glomerular permeability and protein and red blood cells in the urine.