What Is a Sensory Receptor?

Feeling ^[1] is the reflection of the brain on the individual properties of objective things that directly affect the sense organs. Feeling is the first level cognitive process and is the simplest psychological phenomenon. Of course, feeling does not necessarily reflect only one attribute at a certain time, but it can reflect many attributes, but in the sense, there is no organization or boundary between various attributes. Just as a person enters a completely strange environment, although there are various sounds and odors in this environment, he cannot tell which sound comes from what kind of thing and which smell comes from which object. To him, the sounds and smells were just a mess of irritations.

feel

(Basic meaning)

Feeling ^[1]

Feeling is the objective stimulation of sensory organs to the individual attributes of things

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Feeling classification We can divide feelings into two categories.

The first type is external sensation, which includes five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and skin. This feeling

Feeling is the result of analyzer activity.

Three links: stimulation of the receptor,

1,

Several tacks (pointed at one end and blunt at one end)

Two test tubes and test tube racks

Some cotton, paper towels or soft brushes.

4-5 common things: keys, coins, pencils, spoons, etc.

Sensory loss gauge or ECG caliper head, paper clip and ruler.

A set of objects of the same shape, size and weight

Several pieces of cloth of different textures.

Tone * (256HZ)

Tapping sensation: Close the patient's eyes. The examiner uses cotton or soft brush to touch different parts of his body in turn, ask the patient if he feels it, and make comparisons on symmetrical sides. The stimulus should be light, and the stimulus should not be too frequent. When examining the limbs, the direction of stimulation should be parallel to the long axis, and the direction of the chest and abdomen should be parallel to the ribs. The examination order was face, neck, upper limbs, torso, lower limbs.

Pain : With the patient's eyes closed, the examiner gently stimulates the skin with a pin or a sharp object (the tip of a percussion hammer) and asks the patient if he feels pain. First check the face, upper limbs, lower limbs, and then compare the up and down and left and right to determine the strength of the stimulus. Patients with hypoalgesia should be examined from the obstructed area to the normal area.

The examiner must be patient and meticulous, so that the patient understands the examination method and fully cooperates, and pay attention to adjusting the patient's

Hearing, vision

The fetus has favorable living conditions in the mother's abdomen. They live in

Observation of sensory integration ability

The most common are the following four:

(1) JAMP

Applicable: two to six years old

Time required: about forty minutes

(2) TPA language learning ability diagnostic test

Applicable: 3 to 8 years and 11 months

Time required: Sixty to eighty minutes

(3) Professional

Perception: the brain's reflection of individual attributes of objective things that directly affect the sense organs

Perception: The brain's reflection of the overall attributes of objective things that directly affect the sense organs

The difference between the two

(1) The origins are different. Feeling is an activity between psychology and physiology, and its production mainly comes from the physiological activities of sensory organs and the physical characteristics of objective stimuli. Perception is based on the sensations of objective things. Synthesis and interpretation

Definition of Psychology

It is the response of the stimulus to the individual properties of the stimulus produced by the stimulus acting on the sensory organs and processed by the nervous system.

Feeling is divided into two parts:

One is desire, which is a "need" of the animal body. Animals need sexual stimulation, food, excretion, sleep, etc. Desire can also be divided into two parts: one is psychological desire and the other is behavioral desire. Psychological desire makes you a drive, and behavioral desire makes you concentrate on doing it. This has been seen among drug users. But there is no evidence in other fields. In sexual intercourse, sometimes you want it very much, but your penis is hard to afford. This is a strong proof of the disconnect between psychological desire and behavior desire. General feelings can be divided into "psychological desire" and "behavioral desire". The so-called "one time being bitten by a snake, ten years of fear of grass fear" is that the psychological desire is at work. The appearance of halo, halo stitches, fear of insects and flowers is the result of psychological desire.

The second is perception, which is a kind of "knowledge" of animals. Without such feelings, the animal will not be satisfied, that is, it will be excreted, and there will also be urination, that is, it will get food, and hunger will persist, even if someone traps you, you will ignore it and let it go. Will use anger or threats to eliminate this frame. Perception is divided into two parts: one is to produce sensory blocks, and the other is to produce perception. Feeling blocks can become memorizing blocks directly, but not thinking blocks (the result of the thinking process is called thinking blocks). For example, you are reading a book intently, and someone is singing softly next to it, although you are still reading your book, although you Did nt pay attention to what he sang, but you have resonated in your brain, that is to say, the song has projected in your brain; perception can directly become a memory block (feeling that it is stored in the brain is called a memory block) , Can also directly become a thinking block. Knowing is actually a kind of thinking, it's just low-level thinking.

Superficial feeling

Superficially, there are twenty-five species. It is the sense of the senses and internal organs. Belonging to the life process, it is divided into the feeling of existence and the feeling of prompting. What needs to be explained here is that the previously mentioned desire is actually a feeling, such as appetite: it is a feeling to eat.

1. There are fourteen kinds of survival sensations, which are necessary for individual life to adapt to the external environment. It is divided into calling desire and excretion desire.

Calling desire is what individual life wants and must have. There are seven kinds. They are appetite, thirst, smell, desire, hearing, touch and material desire.

There are seven types of excretion desire. It is a kind of feeling that an individual living body must excrete regularly. If it is excreted from time to time, it will show abnormal feelings. They include: desire, spray, cough, craving, stretch, desire, and sexual desire.

2. There are eleven kinds of prompt feelings, which are produced by living individuals in order to protect the body during the survival process to prompt lesions, including shaving, itching, numbness, softness, acidity, wood, swelling, dizziness, faintness, spicy, and stuffiness.

Superficial feeling has the following characteristics:

1. "Feel moving": Feeling is a result of movement. There is no feeling without movement. Either the movement of the sensory organ is the movement of the original block. For example, when you touch something with your hand, you must move your hand continuously. You can feel the characteristics of this kind of object. As soon as your hand stops, you lose your sense. Your hand is placed on this object, and you ca nt feel the existence of this object, unless there is a temperature or other stimulus attached to it (temperature (Also a source of stimulus). The external light is also a constant source of irritation to human eyes. Talents have vision. Without light, people will not produce projections of external objects in their eyes. As we all know, light is the result of the flow of photons, and human eyes accept this. This kind of photon movement stimulates vision. People often don't smell, but as long as you take a breath, the outside smell will be felt, which is also the result of the air flowing through the olfactory organ with the smell. All human sense organs can be temporarily closed, which is also the result of evolution. As long as the upper part of the mouth is pressed with the tongue, the nasal cavity is closed; when the hand is stopped, the touch is closed.

2. "Single feeling": Superficial feelings are not overall, but a single feeling process. For sensory receptors, only those who are bitter, those who are sweet, those who are temperature-sensitive, those who are painful, their functions remain unchanged forever, and they are different sensory nerves of our same organs. It can be seen from this that the sensory nerves have different functions in the same sensory organ, and they are not the same.

3. "Simultaneous": When superficial sensation occurs, you can feel only one kind of original block among many existing blocks. For example, when a person listens to someone, there must be many other sounds at the same time, but the person is feeling those When sound is heard, you can only listen to the person's speech, and at the same time, you have to think about it. For example, when a person looks at something, at least tens of thousands of original pieces are seen at the same time in a field of vision. But why only produce vision for one or two of them? This is the function of feeling at the same time.

4. "Feeling independence": Feeling is caused by the stimulation of the original block. It does not depend on other human life processes. Once the feeling is generated, it can affect other aspects of the human life process, such as memorizing blocks, memorizing blocks, thinking blocks, traveling blocks, and blocks. Blocks of speech, feeling also has the function of independent "phase". Seeing "cat" immediately has a cat's projection in your corresponding place, and you will feel cold immediately when you touch "cool". This kind of irritation is felt. Independence.

5. Perception is the prelude to thinking. This point is dealt with specifically in the chapter.

Incidentally, the human brain is perfect because it is integrated with the human body. The reason why the computer is not perfect is because there is no three-point function of sensation, no four-point function of the biological clock, and no one can move as freely as the human body. " "Electric body", solve these problems, the computer will outperform humans. The development of the integrated block will develop in the direction of three-dimensional and automatic cooling, rather than in the direction of faster, more stable and more.

Deep feeling

Deep feeling is what people call emotions, and it is divided into sharing emotions and protecting emotions.

1. Sharing emotions is a kind of emotion that human beings can share, and they can be "contagious". Share emotions: joy and worry, good and fierce.

2. Protecting emotions is an emotion used to protect the body. It includes: fear of harmony, love and dislike, quick and gentle.

Characteristics of superficial and deep sensations:

1. It has its opposite. Such as cold and hot, love and hate, sleep and wake up; in fact, everything in the human body appears in pairs, such as hungry and full, walking and quiet, and so on.

People may have noticed a long time ago that many things have both sexes, such as left and right, up and down, laugh and cry, pain and itching, etc. The ancient Chinese named them collectively: Yin Heyang, the Chinese believe that everything in the world is determined by yin and yang, so their ancestors developed the theory of yin and yang gossip to predict life. In the brain, for convenience and saving space, it is easiest to use yin and yang to deal with sensations or other aspects, just like the binary used by computers. Like laughing and crying, the two may be in the same position, and maybe some kind of "chain" is combined with the nerve cells to laugh or cry, but if the functional center is not connected to the crying and laughing center, then whether the chain is separate or Combination, for the human body, will not show the phenomenon of crying and laughing. The brain's center that distinguishes incense and odor is the same. It works like this in all the opposite sexes.

2. Different degrees. Such as hot and hot, angry and angry. The degree is determined and controlled by feeling. When you have eaten a lot of rice and feel hungry, you can have a certain amount of confidence by adding more rice. You can only eat small bowls or flat bowls. When you see an object, you can know without mentioning whether you can lift it or not. These are actually a kind of elementary thinking that distinguishes cats from dogs in the eyes. Actually all human senses have this vague concept of quantity. A person's life must see at least 1 million people (except for special occupations). They are mainly distinguished by their eyes. When you see a stranger, you mainly look at the distance between his features (this distinction is not a pure mathematical concept, but in Generally speaking), the height of the five senses, the appearance of the five senses, and then the black and white and smoothness of the skin, as well as the height, clothing, and sound of the person. It is by virtue of this ambiguity that talents can distinguish the world. It is almost impossible to distinguish accurately. The human body feels hot, not the concept of feeling hot 1, hot 2, etc., but it is expressed by hot, very hot, hot, etc. As long as it is hot or very hot, the human body knows it is a What a concept, if you hear 40 degrees Celsius, you will know that it is very hot, but this is a precise term. Another analogy is the situation before the meal. When you go to the second meal, a strange situation may appear in your hand. Add a little bit to the metaphor, or subtract a little bit from the already cooked meal. This is also the case. A kind of basis for the brain to have a vague concept of the contents of the stomach. This concept is not the result of the appetite test on the knife sugar in the blood, but also a hint that the stomach is strong.

Synaesthesia: the visual effect of sound.

3, long-term stimulation can cause human disease. For example, deep love without getting can cause mental illness, deep love without love can cause acacia. Distinguishing heterosexual beauty and ugliness is also a feeling. A person cannot distinguish heterosexual beauty and ugliness before development. Once development begins, the first "sexual behavior" of a person is to be able to identify heterosexual beauty and ugliness, and then other "sexual characteristics". Such as a boy with a beard and so on. When men develop in their teens, they start to pay attention to beautiful women and disdain ugly women. The same is true of women. When they grow up, they begin to feel good about talented men and truly realize the relationship and affection, but at the same time, women also show a contradictory mentality, that is, love each other and be ashamed to express, just silently Suffering from emotional torture, there are far more acacia women than men recorded in ancient books. Because of the large population in modern society, the probability of judging and selecting the opposite sex has increased greatly. Therefore, the chance of getting Acacia recorded in ancient books is greatly reduced. Furthermore, because of too much stimulation, it is impossible for people to have time and energy to deeply think or love a person. Based on this, Acacia can be treated with another Stimulation to cure, such as playing cards, surfing the Internet, can also change this morbid state due to an external stimulus. Acacia is actually a source of overstimulation. Everyone has suffered from acacia more or less in their lives, metaphorically thinking of a certain woman, or of a lover in another country. If they can still control themselves, they will not have any symptoms. If they ca nt, they will have anorexia, weight loss, anxiety, sluggish eyesight, and sluggishness. They will die over time. A large part of mental illness is caused by love. It is different from acacia in that the object of the acacia may occur due to the patient's unrequited love, knowing the love or unknowing of the other person. This emotion is not caused by the continuation or the mentality of the subject. Psychosis is caused by the subject's willingness and objective rejection or forced intervention by other factors. Psychosis is caused by external stimuli. Animals also have Acacia. I encountered a chicken with Acacia during the animal hospital. At the time, an old man in his 50s came to the animal hospital. He said that one of his chickens had not been eating for 20 days. , Without any symptoms, I asked him if the chicken had a companion before. He said yes, and I asked if another chicken was killed. He said yes, it happened after the kill. ? He said yes. From this point of view, the chicken had acacia, and I later suggested that he should be accompanied by a companion or killed. We can also see a dog somewhere in the newspaper, because the owner is dead, it will always stay in front of the owner's grave. If not for the owner, what does it keep there?

4, feeling can adjust feelings, thinking and behavior. For example, if you are in a very good mood (music) today, you will have the expressions of kindness, rosy face, smile, fast pace of speaking, etc., then you will not be angry, this is an example of how feeling affects feeling; When you are angry, your thinking stops. This is an example of how feeling affects your thinking. When you feel good, you may dance and talk. This is an example of how feeling affects your behavior. Feeling blocks can control the generation of thinking blocks. For example, angry people lose their thinking. They use the most basic way of man to deal with problems to attack opponents. From this, we can also see that thinking can cause human behavior and language. However, there is another hub that can control all hubs, and that is the stationary hub. Conversely, thinking, etc. can also adjust the feeling.

5. Emotional delay. For example, if you win the special prize of Welfare Lottery, you are not only excited at that time, but you may also be too excited to sleep at night, and this excitement may remain for a long time. Feeling of course and feeling immediately, that is, when you feel it, you will feel involuntary. It is generally impossible to control, but some people can gradually control the outflow of emotions in long-term social practice. It can be not, and when it shouldn't, he can make special hair, such as those politicians or generals.

6. Feelings must be expressed. Expression can be behavior or language. For example, "ah" involuntarily when being beaten; "ah" when being frightened; "" when looking down on people; clenching both fists or kicking when angry, or glaring at each other; Touching each other's body with your hand, etc. When superficial sensations such as pain, frost, glare, hunger, urination, etc. occur, expressions of various behaviors also occur. Another analogy is that when a person is in sorrow, he has no appetite. Here sadness is a feeling, and appetite is also a feeling. Feeling unable to express, will make people sick. When you are hit hard, everything you feel may be deceiving you, so when you are in a bad mood, don't easily believe your feelings!

7. Feeling familial. It feels that it is basically constant in a family name or a family. Some families are really timid, there is no one that is particularly cunning, and some families are generally loyal. The inheritance of these characteristics is obvious. For example, the Yang family will sincere.

8. Direct projection of feeling. The things that come from feeling are usually directly projected to the center, so that you can immediately understand the nature of the feeling. For example, if you hear a sentence that makes you light, you will immediately get angry. For example, if you see the Statue of Liberty, you will Immediately know the details of his appearance, and this direct projection is a person's first-level thinking, so thinking and feeling are connected.

9. It is a genetic result, but it is also a social manifestation. Without the resonance of human society, personal emotions will only be primary, and inherited will not be deepened. Only high-level emotions will make people perfect, which reflects human cultivation. The deeper the feeling, the better the development of IQ. However, high IQ does not mean high EQ. Animals have superficial sensations and deep sensations. For example, we often see the fear of dogs, the trembling and shock of mice when they are caught by cats, the screaming and flying of chickens when they see eagles, etc. As a result, but they will not develop deep sensations because of gregariousness.

The types of sensations are divided into external sensations and internal sensations based on the source of the information. External sensations include sight, hearing, taste, smell and skin. Skin sensation can be subdivided into temperature, cold, touch and pain. Internal sensations reflect the state of the body itself, including movement, balance, and body. Because vision and hearing play a particularly important role in people's daily activities, most researches in sensory psychology focus on these two aspects. Kinesis is of great significance to the self-regulatory control of speech and the role of speech, and its research has also made great progress.